This is ../../info/calc, produced by makeinfo version 4.11 from calc.texi. This file documents Calc, the GNU Emacs calculator. Copyright (C) 1990, 1991, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with the Invariant Sections being just "GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE", with the Front-Cover texts being "A GNU Manual," and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a) below. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License." (a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: "You have the freedom to copy and modify this GNU manual. Buying copies from the FSF supports it in developing GNU and promoting software freedom." INFO-DIR-SECTION Emacs START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY * Calc: (calc). Advanced desk calculator and mathematical tool. END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY  Indirect: calc-1: 1081 calc-2: 301037 calc-3: 600637 calc-4: 890299 calc-5: 1189898 calc-6: 1475667  Tag Table: (Indirect) Node: Top1081 Node: Getting Started4492 Node: What is Calc4957 Node: About This Manual7007 Node: Notations Used in This Manual10414 Node: Demonstration of Calc12316 Node: Using Calc17220 Node: Starting Calc17732 Node: The Standard Interface19119 Node: Quick Mode Overview23679 Node: Keypad Mode Overview24739 Node: Standalone Operation27592 Node: Embedded Mode Overview28240 Node: Other C-x * Commands31977 Node: History and Acknowledgements36418 Node: Interactive Tutorial41437 Node: Tutorial42467 Node: Basic Tutorial44235 Node: RPN Tutorial44804 Node: Algebraic Tutorial58972 Node: Undo Tutorial69417 Node: Modes Tutorial75261 Node: Arithmetic Tutorial91522 Node: Vector/Matrix Tutorial103812 Node: Vector Analysis Tutorial104284 Node: Matrix Tutorial108364 Node: List Tutorial115568 Node: Types Tutorial136524 Node: Algebra Tutorial154621 Node: Basic Algebra Tutorial154996 Node: Rewrites Tutorial169381 Node: Programming Tutorial184968 Node: Answers to Exercises206041 Node: RPN Answer 1209582 Node: RPN Answer 2209835 Node: RPN Answer 3211463 Node: RPN Answer 4212538 Node: Algebraic Answer 1213875 Node: Algebraic Answer 2214364 Node: Algebraic Answer 3214810 Node: Modes Answer 1215620 Node: Modes Answer 2219124 Node: Modes Answer 3220246 Node: Modes Answer 4221620 Node: Arithmetic Answer 1222667 Node: Arithmetic Answer 2223597 Node: Vector Answer 1224177 Node: Vector Answer 2224785 Node: Matrix Answer 1225214 Node: Matrix Answer 2225537 Node: Matrix Answer 3226305 Node: List Answer 1228457 Node: List Answer 2229253 Node: List Answer 3230907 Node: List Answer 4231984 Node: List Answer 5233147 Node: List Answer 6234459 Node: List Answer 7234734 Node: List Answer 8236449 Node: List Answer 9239002 Node: List Answer 10241739 Node: List Answer 11242486 Node: List Answer 12244294 Node: List Answer 13247319 Node: List Answer 14250662 Node: Types Answer 1252826 Node: Types Answer 2254115 Node: Types Answer 3255692 Node: Types Answer 4256773 Node: Types Answer 5257414 Node: Types Answer 6258828 Node: Types Answer 7260425 Node: Types Answer 8261471 Node: Types Answer 9263059 Node: Types Answer 10263892 Node: Types Answer 11265512 Node: Types Answer 12266646 Node: Types Answer 13267197 Node: Types Answer 14267446 Node: Types Answer 15268270 Node: Algebra Answer 1269180 Node: Algebra Answer 2269695 Node: Algebra Answer 3270717 Node: Algebra Answer 4271574 Node: Rewrites Answer 1273052 Node: Rewrites Answer 2274305 Node: Rewrites Answer 3275706 Node: Rewrites Answer 4276893 Node: Rewrites Answer 5278624 Node: Rewrites Answer 6279186 Node: Programming Answer 1282471 Node: Programming Answer 2283093 Node: Programming Answer 3283832 Node: Programming Answer 4284819 Node: Programming Answer 5285083 Node: Programming Answer 6285578 Node: Programming Answer 7286428 Node: Programming Answer 8287701 Node: Programming Answer 9290610 Node: Programming Answer 10294054 Node: Programming Answer 11296682 Node: Programming Answer 12300050 Node: Introduction301037 Node: Basic Commands301547 Node: Help Commands307712 Node: Stack Basics312142 Node: Numeric Entry314393 Node: Algebraic Entry315852 Node: Quick Calculator320972 Node: Prefix Arguments324182 Node: Undo326658 Node: Error Messages328860 Node: Multiple Calculators330132 Node: Troubleshooting Commands331357 Node: Autoloading Problems331815 Node: Recursion Depth332600 Node: Caches333607 Node: Debugging Calc334849 Node: Data Types337408 Node: Integers338677 Node: Fractions339862 Node: Floats340721 Node: Complex Numbers344475 Node: Infinities345819 Node: Vectors and Matrices349731 Node: Strings351414 Node: HMS Forms354085 Node: Date Forms355614 Node: Modulo Forms363251 Node: Error Forms366460 Node: Interval Forms370229 Node: Incomplete Objects374670 Node: Variables376639 Node: Formulas379413 Node: Stack and Trail385520 Node: Stack Manipulation385976 Node: Editing Stack Entries390686 Node: Trail Commands393322 Node: Keep Arguments396987 Node: Mode Settings399092 Node: General Mode Commands399631 Node: Precision403456 Node: Inverse and Hyperbolic406240 Node: Calculation Modes407815 Node: Angular Modes408363 Node: Polar Mode409546 Node: Fraction Mode410202 Node: Infinite Mode411157 Node: Symbolic Mode412934 Node: Matrix Mode414153 Node: Automatic Recomputation417754 Node: Working Message418778 Node: Simplification Modes419899 Node: Declarations423385 Node: Declaration Basics423861 Node: Kinds of Declarations426565 Node: Functions for Declarations434436 Node: Display Modes438769 Node: Radix Modes440499 Node: Grouping Digits443129 Node: Float Formats444810 Node: Complex Formats447709 Node: Fraction Formats448775 Node: HMS Formats450546 Node: Date Formats451871 Node: Date Formatting Codes452975 Node: Free-Form Dates458089 Node: Standard Date Formats460717 Node: Truncating the Stack461928 Node: Justification463345 Node: Labels466080 Node: Language Modes467329 Node: Normal Language Modes469716 Node: C FORTRAN Pascal473080 Node: TeX and LaTeX Language Modes476653 Node: Eqn Language Mode483913 Node: Yacas Language Mode487545 Node: Maxima Language Mode488792 Node: Giac Language Mode489857 Node: Mathematica Language Mode490955 Node: Maple Language Mode491927 Node: Compositions493275 Node: Composition Basics494797 Node: Horizontal Compositions499671 Node: Vertical Compositions501143 Node: Other Compositions503705 Node: Information about Compositions505917 Node: User-Defined Compositions507223 Node: Syntax Tables512179 Node: Syntax Table Basics513134 Node: Precedence in Syntax Tables519224 Node: Advanced Syntax Patterns520436 Node: Conditional Syntax Rules524819 Node: Modes Variable527854 Node: Calc Mode Line531541 Node: Arithmetic536491 Node: Basic Arithmetic537634 Node: Integer Truncation551186 Node: Complex Number Functions554824 Node: Conversions556781 Node: Date Arithmetic563419 Node: Date Conversions564451 Node: Date Functions567942 Node: Business Days574212 Node: Time Zones580760 Node: Financial Functions590574 Node: Percentages591587 Node: Future Value594290 Node: Present Value597065 Node: Related Financial Functions600637 Node: Depreciation Functions603454 Node: Definitions of Financial Functions606080 Node: Binary Functions611440 Node: Scientific Functions617785 Node: Logarithmic Functions619413 Node: Trigonometric and Hyperbolic Functions621497 Node: Advanced Math Functions625210 Node: Branch Cuts628594 Node: Random Numbers634865 Node: Random Number Generator640136 Node: Combinatorial Functions644831 Node: Probability Distribution Functions651621 Node: Matrix Functions655223 Node: Packing and Unpacking656236 Node: Building Vectors664772 Node: Extracting Elements670212 Node: Manipulating Vectors674451 Node: Vector and Matrix Arithmetic682352 Node: Set Operations685710 Node: Statistical Operations692727 Node: Single-Variable Statistics693720 Node: Paired-Sample Statistics701890 Node: Reducing and Mapping703629 Node: Specifying Operators704600 Node: Mapping710818 Node: Reducing715478 Node: Nesting and Fixed Points718505 Node: Generalized Products721989 Node: Vector and Matrix Formats723603 Node: Algebra728178 Node: Selecting Subformulas729496 Node: Making Selections730331 Node: Changing Selections735982 Node: Displaying Selections739751 Node: Operating on Selections740409 Node: Rearranging with Selections746408 Node: Algebraic Manipulation756642 Node: Simplifying Formulas764284 Node: Default Simplifications766547 Node: Algebraic Simplifications779248 Node: Unsafe Simplifications788734 Node: Simplification of Units791969 Node: Polynomials795540 Node: Calculus805071 Node: Differentiation805580 Node: Integration808069 Node: Customizing the Integrator811745 Node: Numerical Integration817989 Node: Taylor Series819967 Node: Solving Equations820819 Node: Multiple Solutions822180 Node: Solving Systems of Equations827333 Node: Decomposing Polynomials830428 Node: Numerical Solutions836258 Node: Root Finding836917 Node: Minimization840493 Node: Numerical Systems of Equations843078 Node: Curve Fitting844434 Node: Linear Fits845401 Node: Polynomial and Multilinear Fits850558 Node: Error Estimates for Fits854737 Node: Standard Nonlinear Models859393 Node: Curve Fitting Details866540 Node: Interpolation880428 Node: Summations883134 Node: Logical Operations890299 Node: Rewrite Rules901886 Node: Entering Rewrite Rules903264 Node: Basic Rewrite Rules906133 Node: Conditional Rewrite Rules908258 Node: Algebraic Properties of Rewrite Rules912677 Node: Other Features of Rewrite Rules923442 Node: Composing Patterns in Rewrite Rules938249 Node: Nested Formulas with Rewrite Rules943069 Node: Multi-Phase Rewrite Rules946758 Node: Selections with Rewrite Rules952173 Node: Matching Commands955740 Node: Automatic Rewrites957511 Node: Debugging Rewrites965983 Node: Examples of Rewrite Rules966913 Node: Units971496 Node: Basic Operations on Units972021 Node: The Units Table981088 Node: Predefined Units983751 Node: User-Defined Units988677 Node: Store and Recall992397 Node: Storing Variables992909 Node: Recalling Variables1000658 Node: Operations on Variables1001555 Node: Let Command1005316 Node: Evaluates-To Operator1007032 Node: Graphics1012600 Node: Basic Graphics1013810 Node: Three Dimensional Graphics1017731 Node: Managing Curves1020747 Node: Graphics Options1028026 Node: Devices1034512 Ref: Devices-Footnote-11042960 Node: Kill and Yank1043256 Node: Killing From Stack1043818 Node: Yanking Into Stack1045709 Node: Saving Into Registers1046708 Node: Inserting From Registers1048200 Node: Grabbing From Buffers1048773 Node: Yanking Into Buffers1054294 Node: X Cut and Paste1057309 Node: Keypad Mode1058807 Node: Keypad Main Menu1060879 Node: Keypad Functions Menu1065459 Node: Keypad Binary Menu1066698 Node: Keypad Vectors Menu1067873 Node: Keypad Modes Menu1071119 Node: Embedded Mode1073190 Node: Basic Embedded Mode1073738 Node: More About Embedded Mode1080491 Node: Assignments in Embedded Mode1086907 Node: Mode Settings in Embedded Mode1095454 Node: Customizing Embedded Mode1101514 Node: Programming1108722 Node: Creating User Keys1110586 Node: Keyboard Macros1113845 Node: Naming Keyboard Macros1115796 Node: Conditionals in Macros1118237 Node: Loops in Macros1121653 Node: Local Values in Macros1125638 Node: Queries in Macros1128562 Node: Invocation Macros1130080 Node: Algebraic Definitions1131606 Node: Lisp Definitions1137422 Node: Defining Functions1138913 Node: Defining Simple Commands1147591 Node: Defining Stack Commands1153249 Node: Argument Qualifiers1157187 Node: Example Definitions1159517 Node: Bit Counting Example1159921 Node: Sine Example1162680 Node: Calling Calc from Your Programs1166244 Node: Internals1180737 Node: Data Type Formats1182533 Node: Interactive Lisp Functions1189898 Node: Stack Lisp Functions1192766 Node: Predicates1202020 Node: Computational Lisp Functions1211390 Node: Vector Lisp Functions1224167 Node: Symbolic Lisp Functions1229207 Node: Formatting Lisp Functions1255038 Node: Hooks1261057 Node: Copying1267579 Node: GNU Free Documentation License1305156 Node: Customizing Calc1330327 Node: Reporting Bugs1345006 Node: Summary1346193 Node: Key Index1394833 Node: Command Index1475667 Node: Function Index1535186 Node: Concept Index1591250 Node: Variable Index1624553 Node: Lisp Function Index1635202  End Tag Table