This is ../../info/erc, produced by makeinfo version 4.11 from erc.texi. This manual is for ERC version 5.3. Copyright (C) 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with the Front-Cover texts being "A GNU Manual," and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a) below. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License". (a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: "You have the freedom to copy and modify this GNU manual. Buying copies from the FSF supports it in developing GNU and promoting software freedom." All Emacs Lisp code contained in this document may be used, distributed, and modified without restriction. INFO-DIR-SECTION Emacs START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY * ERC: (erc). Powerful, modular, and extensible IRC client for Emacs. END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY  File: erc, Node: Top, Next: Introduction, Prev: (dir), Up: (dir) ERC *** This manual is for ERC version 5.3. Copyright (C) 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with the Front-Cover texts being "A GNU Manual," and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a) below. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License". (a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: "You have the freedom to copy and modify this GNU manual. Buying copies from the FSF supports it in developing GNU and promoting software freedom." All Emacs Lisp code contained in this document may be used, distributed, and modified without restriction. * Menu: * Introduction:: What is ERC? * Obtaining ERC:: How to get ERC releases and development versions. * Installation:: Compiling and installing ERC. * Getting Started:: Quick Start guide to using ERC. * Keystroke Summary:: Keystrokes used in ERC buffers. * Modules:: Available modules for ERC. * Advanced Usage:: Cool ways of using ERC. * Getting Help and Reporting Bugs:: * History:: The history of ERC. * Copying:: The GNU General Public License gives you permission to redistribute ERC on certain terms; it also explains that there is no warranty. * GNU Free Documentation License:: The license for this documentation. * Concept Index:: Search for terms. --- The Detailed Node Listing --- Obtaining ERC * Releases:: Released versions of ERC. * Development:: Latest unreleased development changes. Getting Started * Sample Session:: Example of connecting to the #emacs channel * Special Features:: Differences from standalone IRC clients Advanced Usage * Connecting:: Ways of connecting to an IRC server. * Sample Configuration:: An example configuration file. * Options:: Options that are available for ERC.  File: erc, Node: Introduction, Next: Obtaining ERC, Prev: Top, Up: Top 1 Introduction ************** ERC is a powerful, modular, and extensible IRC client for Emacs. It comes with the following capabilities enabled by default. * Flood control * Timestamps * Join channels automatically * Buttonize URLs, nicknames, and other text * Wrap long lines * Highlight or remove IRC control characters * Highlight pals, fools, and other keywords * Detect netsplits * Complete nicknames and commands in a programmable fashion * Make displayed lines read-only * Input history * Track channel activity in the mode-line  File: erc, Node: Obtaining ERC, Next: Installation, Prev: Introduction, Up: Top 2 Obtaining ERC *************** * Menu: * Releases:: Released versions of ERC. * Development:: Latest unreleased development changes. Note that some ERC files are not included with Emacs due to copyright or dependency issues. If desired, they may be found at the following locations, or from your local GNU mirror. * `http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/erc/erc-5.3-extras.tar.gz' * `http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/erc/erc-5.3-extras.zip' The rest of this chapter may be skipped if you are using the version of ERC that comes with Emacs.  File: erc, Node: Releases, Next: Development, Prev: Obtaining ERC, Up: Obtaining ERC 2.1 Releases ============ Choose to install a release if you want to minimize risk. Errors are corrected in development first. User-visible changes will be announced on the mailing list. *note Getting Help and Reporting Bugs::. Debian users can get ERC via apt-get. The `erc' package is available in the official Debian repository. Alternatively, you can download the latest release from `http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/erc', or your local GNU mirror.  File: erc, Node: Development, Prev: Releases, Up: Obtaining ERC 2.2 Development =============== Choose the development version if you want to live on the bleeding edge of ERC development or try out new features before release. The git version control system allows you to keep up-to-date with the latest changes to the development version of ERC. It also allows you to contribute changes (via commits, if you are have developer access to the repository, or via patches, otherwise). If you would like to contribute to ERC development, it is highly recommended that you use git. If you are new to git, you might find this tutorial helpful: `http://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/gittutorial.html'. Downloading ERC with git and staying up-to-date involves the following steps. 1. Install git. * Debian and Ubuntu: `apt-get install git-core'. * Windows: `http://git.or.cz/gitwiki/WindowsInstall'. * Other operating systems: download, compile, and install the source from `http://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/', or find a git package for your operating system. 2. Download the ERC development branch. If you have developer access to ERC, do: git clone ssh://loginname@git.sv.gnu.org/srv/git/erc.git otherwise, do: git clone git://git.sv.gnu.org/erc.git If you are behind a restrictive firewall, and do not have developer access, then do the following instead: git clone http://git.sv.gnu.org/r/erc.git 3. List upstream changes that are missing from your local copy. Do this whenever you want to see whether new changes have been committed to ERC. If you wish, you may skip this step and proceed directly to the "update" step. # Change to the source directory you are interested in. cd erc # Fetch new changes from the repository, but don't apply them yet git fetch origin # Display log messages for the new changes git log HEAD..origin "origin" is git's name for the location where you originally got ERC from. You can change this location at any time by editing the `.git/config' file in the directory where the ERC source was placed. 4. Update to the latest version by pulling in any missing changes. cd erc git pull origin git will show how many files changed, and will provide a visual display for how many lines were changed in each file. There are other ways to interact with the ERC repository. * Browse git repo: `http://git.sv.gnu.org/gitweb/?p=erc.git' * Latest development snapshot: `http://mwolson.org/static/dist/erc-latest.tar.gz' * Latest development snapshot (zip file): `http://mwolson.org/static/dist/erc-latest.zip' The latest development snapshot can lag behind the git repo by as much as 20 minutes, but never more than that. For further information on committing changes to ERC and performing development, please consult `http://emacswiki.org/cgi-bin/wiki/ErcDevelopment'.  File: erc, Node: Installation, Next: Getting Started, Prev: Obtaining ERC, Up: Top 3 Installation ************** ERC may be compiled and installed on your machine. This section may be skipped if you are using the version of ERC that comes with Emacs. Compilation ........... This is an optional step, since Emacs Lisp source code does not necessarily have to be byte-compiled. It will yield a speed increase, though. A working copy of Emacs or XEmacs is needed in order to compile ERC. By default, the program that is installed with the name `emacs' will be used. If you want to use the `xemacs' binary to perform the compilation, you would need to edit `Makefile' in the top-level directory as follows. You can put either a full path to an Emacs or XEmacs binary or just the command name, as long as it is in the `PATH'. EMACS = xemacs SITEFLAG = -no-site-file Running `make' should compile the ERC source files in the `lisp' directory. Installation ............ ERC may be installed into your file hierarchy by doing the following. Edit the `Makefile' file so that `ELISPDIR' points to where you want the source and compiled ERC files to be installed and `INFODIR' indicates where to put the ERC manual. Of course, you will want to edit `EMACS' and `SITEFLAG' as shown in the Compilation section if you are using XEmacs. If you are installing ERC on a Debian system, you might want to change the value of `INSTALLINFO' as specified in `Makefile'. Run `make' as a normal user. Run `make install' as the root user if you have chosen installation locations that require this.  File: erc, Node: Getting Started, Next: Keystroke Summary, Prev: Installation, Up: Top 4 Getting Started ***************** To use ERC, add the directory containing its files to your `load-path' variable, in your `.emacs' file. Then, load ERC itself. An example follows. (require 'erc) Once ERC is loaded, the command `M-x erc' will start ERC and prompt for the server to connect to. If you want to place ERC settings in their own file, you can place them in `~/.emacs.d/.ercrc.el', creating it if necessary. If you would rather use the Customize interface to change how ERC works, do `M-x customize-group RET erc RET'. In particular, ERC comes with lots of modules that may be enabled or disabled; to select which ones you want, do `M-x customize-variable RET erc-modules RET'. * Menu: * Sample Session:: Example of connecting to the #emacs channel * Special Features:: Differences from standalone IRC clients  File: erc, Node: Sample Session, Next: Special Features, Prev: Getting Started, Up: Getting Started 4.1 Sample Session ================== This is an example ERC session which shows how to connect to the #emacs channel on Freenode. Another IRC channel on Freenode that may be of interest is #erc, which is a channel where ERC users and developers hang out. * Connect to Freenode Run `M-x erc'. Use "irc.freenode.net" as the IRC server, "6667" as the port, and choose a nickname. * Get used to the interface Switch to the "irc.freenode.net:6667" buffer, if you're not already there. You will see first some messages about checking for ident, and then a bunch of other messages that describe the current IRC server. * Join the #emacs channel In that buffer, type "/join SPC #emacs" and hit `RET'. Depending on how you've set up ERC, either a new buffer for "#emacs" will be displayed, or a new buffer called "#emacs" will be created in the background. If the latter, switch to the "#emacs" buffer. You will see the channel topic and a list of the people who are currently on the channel. * Register your nickname with Freenode If you would like to be able to talk with people privately on the Freenode network, you will have to "register" your nickname. To do so, switch to the "irc.freenode.net:6667" buffer and type "/msg NickServ register ", replacing "" with your desired password. It should tell you that the operation was successful. * Talk to people in the channel If you switch back to the "#emacs" buffer, you can type a message, and everyone on the channel will see it. * Open a query buffer to talk to someone If you want to talk with someone in private (this should usually not be done for technical help, only for personal questions), type "/query ", replacing "" with the nickname of the person you would like to talk to. Depending on how ERC is set up, you will either see a new buffer with the name of the person, or such a buffer will be created in the background and you will have to switch to it. Begin typing messages, and you will be able to have a conversation. Note that if the other person is not registered, you will not be able to talk with them.  File: erc, Node: Special Features, Prev: Sample Session, Up: Getting Started 4.2 Special Features ==================== ERC has some features that distinguish it from some IRC clients. * multiple channels and multiple servers Every channel is put in a separate buffer. Several IRC servers may be connected to at the same time. * private message separation Private conversations are treated as channels, and are put into separate buffers in Emacs. We call these "query buffers". * highlighting Some occurrences of words can be highlighted, which makes it easier to track different kinds of conversations. * notification ERC can notify you that certain users are online. * channel tracking Channels can be hidden and conversation continue in the background. You are notified when something is said in such a channel that is not currently visible. This makes it easy to get Real Work done while still maintaining an IRC presence. * nick completion ERC can complete words upon hitting `TAB', which eases the writing of nicknames in messages. * history Past actions are kept in history rings for future use. To navigate a history ring, hit `M-p' to go backwards and `M-n' to go forwards. * multiple languages Different channels and servers may have different language encodings. In addition, it is possible to translate the messages that ERC uses into multiple languages. Please contact the developers of ERC at if you are interested in helping with the translation effort. * user scripting Users can load scripts (e.g. auto greeting scripts) when ERC starts up. It is also possible to make custom IRC commands, if you know a little Emacs Lisp. Just make an Emacs Lisp function and call it `erc-cmd-NEWCOMMAND', where `NEWCOMMAND' is the name of the new command in capital letters. * auto reconnect If the connection goes away at some point, ERC will try to reconnect automatically. If it fails to reconnect, and you want to try to manually reestablish the connection at some later point, switch to an ERC buffer and run the `/RECONNECT' command.  File: erc, Node: Keystroke Summary, Next: Modules, Prev: Getting Started, Up: Top 5 Keys Used in ERC ****************** This is a summary of keystrokes available in every ERC buffer. `C-a or (`erc-bol')' Go to beginning of line or end of prompt. `RET (`erc-send-current-line')' Send the current line `TAB (`erc-complete-word')' If at prompt, complete the current word. Otherwise, move to the next link or button. `M-TAB (`ispell-complete-word')' Complete the given word, using ispell. `C-c C-a (`erc-bol')' Go to beginning of line or end of prompt. `C-c C-b (`erc-iswitchb')' Use `iswitchb-read-buffer' to prompt for a ERC buffer to switch to. `C-c C-c (`erc-toggle-interpret-controls')' Toggle interpretation of control sequences in messages. `C-c C-d (`erc-input-action')' Interactively input a user action and send it to IRC. `C-c C-e (`erc-toggle-ctcp-autoresponse')' Toggle automatic CTCP replies (like VERSION and PING). `C-c C-f (`erc-toggle-flood-control')' Toggle use of flood control on sent messages. `C-c TAB (`erc-invite-only-mode')' Turn on the invite only mode (+i) for the current channel. `C-c C-j (`erc-join-channel')' Join channel. If point is at the beginning of a channel name, use that as default. `C-c C-k (`erc-go-to-log-matches-buffer')' Interactively open an erc-log-matches buffer `C-c C-l (`erc-save-buffer-in-logs')' Append buffer contents to the log file, if logging is enabled. `C-c C-n (`erc-channel-names')' Run "/names #channel" in the current channel. `C-c C-o (`erc-get-channel-mode-from-keypress')' Read a key sequence and call the corresponding channel mode function. After doing `C-c C-o', type in a channel mode letter. `C-g' means quit. `RET' lets you type more than one mode at a time. If `l' is pressed, `erc-set-channel-limit' gets called. If `k' is pressed, `erc-set-channel-key' gets called. Anything else will be sent to `erc-toggle-channel-mode'. `C-c C-p (`erc-part-from-channel')' Part from the current channel and prompt for a reason. `C-c C-q (`erc-quit-server')' Disconnect from current server after prompting for reason. `C-c C-r (`erc-remove-text-properties-region')' Clears the region (start,end) in object from all colors, etc. `C-c C-t (`erc-set-topic')' Prompt for a topic for the current channel. `C-c C-u (`erc-kill-input')' Kill current input line using `erc-bol' followed by `kill-line'.  File: erc, Node: Modules, Next: Advanced Usage, Prev: Keystroke Summary, Up: Top 6 Modules ********* One way to add functionality to ERC is to customize which of its many modules are loaded. There is a spiffy customize interface, which may be reached by typing `M-x customize-option erc-modules RET'. Alternatively, set `erc-modules' manually and then call `erc-update-modules'. The following is a list of available modules. `autoaway' Set away status automatically `autojoin' Join channels automatically `bbdb' Integrate with the Big Brother Database `button' Buttonize URLs, nicknames, and other text `capab-identify' Mark unidentified users on freenode and other servers supporting CAPAB. `completion (aka pcomplete)' Complete nicknames and commands (programmable) `fill' Wrap long lines `hecomplete' Complete nicknames and commands (old). This is the old module--you might prefer the "completion" module instead. `identd' Launch an identd server on port 8113 `irccontrols' Highlight or remove IRC control characters `log' Save buffers in logs `match' Highlight pals, fools, and other keywords `menu' Display a menu in ERC buffers `netsplit' Detect netsplits `noncommands' Don't display non-IRC commands after evaluation `notify' Notify when the online status of certain users changes `page' Process CTCP PAGE requests from IRC `readonly' Make displayed lines read-only `replace' Replace text in messages `ring' Enable an input history `scrolltobottom' Scroll to the bottom of the buffer `services' Identify to Nickserv (IRC Services) automatically `smiley' Convert smileys to pretty icons `sound' Play sounds when you receive CTCP SOUND requests `spelling' Check spelling of messages `stamp' Add timestamps to messages `track' Track channel activity in the mode-line `truncate' Truncate buffers to a certain size `unmorse' Translate morse code in messages  File: erc, Node: Advanced Usage, Next: Getting Help and Reporting Bugs, Prev: Modules, Up: Top 7 Advanced Usage **************** * Menu: * Connecting:: Ways of connecting to an IRC server. * Sample Configuration:: An example configuration file. * Options:: Options that are available for ERC.  File: erc, Node: Connecting, Next: Sample Configuration, Prev: Advanced Usage, Up: Advanced Usage 7.1 Connecting to an IRC Server =============================== The easiest way to connect to an IRC server is to call `M-x erc'. If you want to assign this function to a keystroke, the following will help you figure out its parameters. -- Function: erc Select connection parameters and run ERC. Non-interactively, it takes the following keyword arguments. * SERVER * PORT * NICK * PASSWORD * FULL-NAME That is, if called with the following arguments, SERVER and FULL-NAME will be set to those values, whereas `erc-compute-port', `erc-compute-nick' and `erc-compute-full-name' will be invoked for the values of the other parameters. (erc :server "irc.freenode.net" :full-name "Harry S Truman") Server ------ -- Function: erc-compute-server &optional server Return an IRC server name. This tries a number of increasingly more default methods until a non-nil value is found. * SERVER (the argument passed to this function) * The `erc-server' option * The value of the IRCSERVER environment variable * The `erc-default-server' variable -- User Option: erc-server nil IRC server to use if one is not provided. Port ---- -- Function: erc-compute-port &optional port Return a port for an IRC server. This tries a number of increasingly more default methods until a non-nil value is found. * PORT (the argument passed to this function) * The `erc-port' option * The `erc-default-port' variable -- User Option: erc-port IRC port to use if not specified. This can be either a string or a number. Nick ---- -- Function: erc-compute-nick &optional nick Return user's IRC nick. This tries a number of increasingly more default methods until a non-nil value is found. * NICK (the argument passed to this function) * The `erc-nick' option * The value of the IRCNICK environment variable * The result from the `user-login-name' function -- User Option: erc-nick Nickname to use if one is not provided. This can be either a string, or a list of strings. In the latter case, if the first nick in the list is already in use, other nicks are tried in the list order. -- User Option: erc-nick-uniquifier The string to append to the nick if it is already in use. -- User Option: erc-try-new-nick-p If the nickname you chose isn't available, and this option is non-nil, ERC should automatically attempt to connect with another nickname. You can manually set another nickname with the /NICK command. Full name --------- -- Function: erc-compute-full-name &optional full-name Return user's full name. This tries a number of increasingly more default methods until a non-nil value is found. * FULL-NAME (the argument passed to this function) * The `erc-user-full-name' option * The value of the IRCNAME environment variable * The result from the `user-full-name' function -- User Option: erc-user-full-name User full name. This can be either a string or a function to call.  File: erc, Node: Sample Configuration, Next: Options, Prev: Connecting, Up: Advanced Usage 7.2 Sample Configuration ======================== Here is an example of configuration settings for ERC. This can go into your Emacs configuration file. Everything after the `(require 'erc)' command can optionally go into `~/.emacs.d/.ercrc.el'. ;;; Sample ERC configuration ;; Add the ERC directory to load path -- you don't need this if you are ;; using the version of ERC that comes with Emacs (add-to-list 'load-path "~/elisp/erc") ;; Load ERC (require 'erc) ;; Load authentication info from an external source. Put sensitive ;; passwords and the like in here. (load "~/.emacs.d/.erc-auth") ;; This is an example of how to make a new command. Type "/uptime" to ;; use it. (defun erc-cmd-UPTIME (&rest ignore) "Display the uptime of the system, as well as some load-related stuff, to the current ERC buffer." (let ((uname-output (replace-regexp-in-string ", load average: " "] {Load average} [" ;; Collapse spaces, remove (replace-regexp-in-string " +" " " ;; Remove beginning and trailing whitespace (replace-regexp-in-string "^ +\\|[ \n]+$" "" (shell-command-to-string "uptime")))))) (erc-send-message (concat "{Uptime} [" uname-output "]")))) ;; This causes ERC to connect to the Freenode network upon hitting ;; C-c e f. Replace MYNICK with your IRC nick. (global-set-key "\C-cef" (lambda () (interactive) (erc :server "irc.freenode.net" :port "6667" :nick "MYNICK"))) ;; This causes ERC to connect to the IRC server on your own machine (if ;; you have one) upon hitting C-c e b. Replace MYNICK with your IRC ;; nick. Often, people like to run bitlbee (http://bitlbee.org/) as an ;; AIM/Jabber/MSN to IRC gateway, so that they can use ERC to chat with ;; people on those networks. (global-set-key "\C-ceb" (lambda () (interactive) (erc :server "localhost" :port "6667" :nick "MYNICK"))) ;; Make C-c RET (or C-c C-RET) send messages instead of RET. This has ;; been commented out to avoid confusing new users. ;; (define-key erc-mode-map (kbd "RET") nil) ;; (define-key erc-mode-map (kbd "C-c RET") 'erc-send-current-line) ;; (define-key erc-mode-map (kbd "C-c C-RET") 'erc-send-current-line) ;;; Options ;; Join the #emacs and #erc channels whenever connecting to Freenode. (setq erc-autojoin-channels-alist '(("freenode.net" "#emacs" "#erc"))) ;; Interpret mIRC-style color commands in IRC chats (setq erc-interpret-mirc-color t) ;; The following are commented out by default, but users of other ;; non-Emacs IRC clients might find them useful. ;; Kill buffers for channels after /part ;; (setq erc-kill-buffer-on-part t) ;; Kill buffers for private queries after quitting the server ;; (setq erc-kill-queries-on-quit t) ;; Kill buffers for server messages after quitting the server ;; (setq erc-kill-server-buffer-on-quit t)  File: erc, Node: Options, Prev: Sample Configuration, Up: Advanced Usage 7.3 Options =========== This section has not yet been written. For now, the easiest way to check out the available options for ERC is to do `M-x customize-group erc RET'.  File: erc, Node: Getting Help and Reporting Bugs, Next: History, Prev: Advanced Usage, Up: Top 8 Getting Help and Reporting Bugs ********************************* After you have read this guide, if you still have questions about ERC, or if you have bugs to report, there are several places you can go. * `http://www.emacswiki.org/cgi-bin/wiki/ERC' is the emacswiki.org page for ERC. Anyone may add tips, hints, or bug descriptions to it. * There are several mailing lists for ERC. To subscribe, visit `http://savannah.gnu.org/mail/?group=erc'. The mailing lists are also available on Gmane. (`http://gmane.org/'). Gmane provides additional methods for accessing the mailing lists, adding content to them, and searching them. 1. gmane.emacs.erc.announce: Announcements 2. gmane.emacs.erc.discuss: General discussion 3. gmane.emacs.erc.cvs: Log messages for changes to the ERC source code * You can visit the IRC Freenode channel `#emacs'. Many of the contributors are frequently around and willing to answer your questions.  File: erc, Node: History, Next: Copying, Prev: Getting Help and Reporting Bugs, Up: Top 9 History ********* ERC was originally written by Alexander L. Belikoff and Sergey Berezin . They stopped development around December 1999. Their last released version was ERC 2.0. P.S.: If one of the original developers of ERC reads this, we'd like to receive additional information for this file and hear comments in general. * 2001 In June 2001, Mario Lang and Alex Schroeder took over development and created a ERC Project at `http://sourceforge.net/projects/erc'. In reaction to a mail about the new ERC development effort, Sergey Berezin said, "First of all, I'm glad that my version of ERC is being used out there. The thing is, I do not have free time and enough incentive anymore to work on ERC, so I would be happy if you guys take over the project entirely." So we happily hacked away on ERC, and soon after (September 2001) released the next "stable" version, 2.1. Most of the development of the new ERC happened on #emacs on irc.openprojects.net. Over time, many people contributed code, ideas, bugfixes, and a lot of alpha/beta/gamma testing. See the `CREDITS' file for a list of contributors. * 2003 ERC 3.0 was released. * 2004 ERC 4.0 was released. * 2005 ERC 5.0 was released. Michael Olson became the release manager and eventually the maintainer. After some discussion between him and the Emacs developers, it was decided to include ERC in Emacs. * 2006 ERC 5.1 was released. It was subsequently included in Emacs 22. ERC became an official GNU project, and development moved to `http://sv.gnu.org/projects/erc'. We switched to using GNU Arch as our revision control system. Our mailing list address changed as well. * 2007 We switched to using git for our version control system.  File: erc, Node: Copying, Next: GNU Free Documentation License, Prev: History, Up: Top Version 3, 29 June 2007 Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. `http://fsf.org/' Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. Preamble ======== The GNU General Public License is a free, copyleft license for software and other kinds of works. The licenses for most software and other practical works are designed to take away your freedom to share and change the works. By contrast, the GNU General Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change all versions of a program--to make sure it remains free software for all its users. We, the Free Software Foundation, use the GNU General Public License for most of our software; it applies also to any other work released this way by its authors. You can apply it to your programs, too. 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If such problems arise substantially in other domains, we stand ready to extend this provision to those domains in future versions of the GPL, as needed to protect the freedom of users. Finally, every program is threatened constantly by software patents. States should not allow patents to restrict development and use of software on general-purpose computers, but in those that do, we wish to avoid the special danger that patents applied to a free program could make it effectively proprietary. To prevent this, the GPL assures that patents cannot be used to render the program non-free. The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and modification follow. TERMS AND CONDITIONS ==================== 0. Definitions. "This License" refers to version 3 of the GNU General Public License. "Copyright" also means copyright-like laws that apply to other kinds of works, such as semiconductor masks. "The Program" refers to any copyrightable work licensed under this License. Each licensee is addressed as "you". "Licensees" and "recipients" may be individuals or organizations. To "modify" a work means to copy from or adapt all or part of the work in a fashion requiring copyright permission, other than the making of an exact copy. The resulting work is called a "modified version" of the earlier work or a work "based on" the earlier work. A "covered work" means either the unmodified Program or a work based on the Program. To "propagate" a work means to do anything with it that, without permission, would make you directly or secondarily liable for infringement under applicable copyright law, except executing it on a computer or modifying a private copy. Propagation includes copying, distribution (with or without modification), making available to the public, and in some countries other activities as well. To "convey" a work means any kind of propagation that enables other parties to make or receive copies. Mere interaction with a user through a computer network, with no transfer of a copy, is not conveying. An interactive user interface displays "Appropriate Legal Notices" to the extent that it includes a convenient and prominently visible feature that (1) displays an appropriate copyright notice, and (2) tells the user that there is no warranty for the work (except to the extent that warranties are provided), that licensees may convey the work under this License, and how to view a copy of this License. If the interface presents a list of user commands or options, such as a menu, a prominent item in the list meets this criterion. 1. Source Code. The "source code" for a work means the preferred form of the work for making modifications to it. "Object code" means any non-source form of a work. A "Standard Interface" means an interface that either is an official standard defined by a recognized standards body, or, in the case of interfaces specified for a particular programming language, one that is widely used among developers working in that language. The "System Libraries" of an executable work include anything, other than the work as a whole, that (a) is included in the normal form of packaging a Major Component, but which is not part of that Major Component, and (b) serves only to enable use of the work with that Major Component, or to implement a Standard Interface for which an implementation is available to the public in source code form. A "Major Component", in this context, means a major essential component (kernel, window system, and so on) of the specific operating system (if any) on which the executable work runs, or a compiler used to produce the work, or an object code interpreter used to run it. The "Corresponding Source" for a work in object code form means all the source code needed to generate, install, and (for an executable work) run the object code and to modify the work, including scripts to control those activities. However, it does not include the work's System Libraries, or general-purpose tools or generally available free programs which are used unmodified in performing those activities but which are not part of the work. For example, Corresponding Source includes interface definition files associated with source files for the work, and the source code for shared libraries and dynamically linked subprograms that the work is specifically designed to require, such as by intimate data communication or control flow between those subprograms and other parts of the work. The Corresponding Source need not include anything that users can regenerate automatically from other parts of the Corresponding Source. The Corresponding Source for a work in source code form is that same work. 2. Basic Permissions. All rights granted under this License are granted for the term of copyright on the Program, and are irrevocable provided the stated conditions are met. This License explicitly affirms your unlimited permission to run the unmodified Program. The output from running a covered work is covered by this License only if the output, given its content, constitutes a covered work. This License acknowledges your rights of fair use or other equivalent, as provided by copyright law. You may make, run and propagate covered works that you do not convey, without conditions so long as your license otherwise remains in force. You may convey covered works to others for the sole purpose of having them make modifications exclusively for you, or provide you with facilities for running those works, provided that you comply with the terms of this License in conveying all material for which you do not control copyright. Those thus making or running the covered works for you must do so exclusively on your behalf, under your direction and control, on terms that prohibit them from making any copies of your copyrighted material outside their relationship with you. Conveying under any other circumstances is permitted solely under the conditions stated below. Sublicensing is not allowed; section 10 makes it unnecessary. 3. Protecting Users' Legal Rights From Anti-Circumvention Law. No covered work shall be deemed part of an effective technological measure under any applicable law fulfilling obligations under article 11 of the WIPO copyright treaty adopted on 20 December 1996, or similar laws prohibiting or restricting circumvention of such measures. When you convey a covered work, you waive any legal power to forbid circumvention of technological measures to the extent such circumvention is effected by exercising rights under this License with respect to the covered work, and you disclaim any intention to limit operation or modification of the work as a means of enforcing, against the work's users, your or third parties' legal rights to forbid circumvention of technological measures. 4. Conveying Verbatim Copies. You may convey verbatim copies of the Program's source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate copyright notice; keep intact all notices stating that this License and any non-permissive terms added in accord with section 7 apply to the code; keep intact all notices of the absence of any warranty; and give all recipients a copy of this License along with the Program. You may charge any price or no price for each copy that you convey, and you may offer support or warranty protection for a fee. 5. Conveying Modified Source Versions. You may convey a work based on the Program, or the modifications to produce it from the Program, in the form of source code under the terms of section 4, provided that you also meet all of these conditions: a. The work must carry prominent notices stating that you modified it, and giving a relevant date. b. The work must carry prominent notices stating that it is released under this License and any conditions added under section 7. This requirement modifies the requirement in section 4 to "keep intact all notices". c. You must license the entire work, as a whole, under this License to anyone who comes into possession of a copy. This License will therefore apply, along with any applicable section 7 additional terms, to the whole of the work, and all its parts, regardless of how they are packaged. This License gives no permission to license the work in any other way, but it does not invalidate such permission if you have separately received it. d. If the work has interactive user interfaces, each must display Appropriate Legal Notices; however, if the Program has interactive interfaces that do not display Appropriate Legal Notices, your work need not make them do so. A compilation of a covered work with other separate and independent works, which are not by their nature extensions of the covered work, and which are not combined with it such as to form a larger program, in or on a volume of a storage or distribution medium, is called an "aggregate" if the compilation and its resulting copyright are not used to limit the access or legal rights of the compilation's users beyond what the individual works permit. Inclusion of a covered work in an aggregate does not cause this License to apply to the other parts of the aggregate. 6. Conveying Non-Source Forms. You may convey a covered work in object code form under the terms of sections 4 and 5, provided that you also convey the machine-readable Corresponding Source under the terms of this License, in one of these ways: a. Convey the object code in, or embodied in, a physical product (including a physical distribution medium), accompanied by the Corresponding Source fixed on a durable physical medium customarily used for software interchange. b. Convey the object code in, or embodied in, a physical product (including a physical distribution medium), accompanied by a written offer, valid for at least three years and valid for as long as you offer spare parts or customer support for that product model, to give anyone who possesses the object code either (1) a copy of the Corresponding Source for all the software in the product that is covered by this License, on a durable physical medium customarily used for software interchange, for a price no more than your reasonable cost of physically performing this conveying of source, or (2) access to copy the Corresponding Source from a network server at no charge. c. Convey individual copies of the object code with a copy of the written offer to provide the Corresponding Source. This alternative is allowed only occasionally and noncommercially, and only if you received the object code with such an offer, in accord with subsection 6b. d. Convey the object code by offering access from a designated place (gratis or for a charge), and offer equivalent access to the Corresponding Source in the same way through the same place at no further charge. You need not require recipients to copy the Corresponding Source along with the object code. If the place to copy the object code is a network server, the Corresponding Source may be on a different server (operated by you or a third party) that supports equivalent copying facilities, provided you maintain clear directions next to the object code saying where to find the Corresponding Source. Regardless of what server hosts the Corresponding Source, you remain obligated to ensure that it is available for as long as needed to satisfy these requirements. e. Convey the object code using peer-to-peer transmission, provided you inform other peers where the object code and Corresponding Source of the work are being offered to the general public at no charge under subsection 6d. A separable portion of the object code, whose source code is excluded from the Corresponding Source as a System Library, need not be included in conveying the object code work. A "User Product" is either (1) a "consumer product", which means any tangible personal property which is normally used for personal, family, or household purposes, or (2) anything designed or sold for incorporation into a dwelling. In determining whether a product is a consumer product, doubtful cases shall be resolved in favor of coverage. For a particular product received by a particular user, "normally used" refers to a typical or common use of that class of product, regardless of the status of the particular user or of the way in which the particular user actually uses, or expects or is expected to use, the product. A product is a consumer product regardless of whether the product has substantial commercial, industrial or non-consumer uses, unless such uses represent the only significant mode of use of the product. "Installation Information" for a User Product means any methods, procedures, authorization keys, or other information required to install and execute modified versions of a covered work in that User Product from a modified version of its Corresponding Source. The information must suffice to ensure that the continued functioning of the modified object code is in no case prevented or interfered with solely because modification has been made. If you convey an object code work under this section in, or with, or specifically for use in, a User Product, and the conveying occurs as part of a transaction in which the right of possession and use of the User Product is transferred to the recipient in perpetuity or for a fixed term (regardless of how the transaction is characterized), the Corresponding Source conveyed under this section must be accompanied by the Installation Information. But this requirement does not apply if neither you nor any third party retains the ability to install modified object code on the User Product (for example, the work has been installed in ROM). The requirement to provide Installation Information does not include a requirement to continue to provide support service, warranty, or updates for a work that has been modified or installed by the recipient, or for the User Product in which it has been modified or installed. Access to a network may be denied when the modification itself materially and adversely affects the operation of the network or violates the rules and protocols for communication across the network. Corresponding Source conveyed, and Installation Information provided, in accord with this section must be in a format that is publicly documented (and with an implementation available to the public in source code form), and must require no special password or key for unpacking, reading or copying. 7. Additional Terms. "Additional permissions" are terms that supplement the terms of this License by making exceptions from one or more of its conditions. Additional permissions that are applicable to the entire Program shall be treated as though they were included in this License, to the extent that they are valid under applicable law. If additional permissions apply only to part of the Program, that part may be used separately under those permissions, but the entire Program remains governed by this License without regard to the additional permissions. When you convey a copy of a covered work, you may at your option remove any additional permissions from that copy, or from any part of it. (Additional permissions may be written to require their own removal in certain cases when you modify the work.) You may place additional permissions on material, added by you to a covered work, for which you have or can give appropriate copyright permission. Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, for material you add to a covered work, you may (if authorized by the copyright holders of that material) supplement the terms of this License with terms: a. Disclaiming warranty or limiting liability differently from the terms of sections 15 and 16 of this License; or b. Requiring preservation of specified reasonable legal notices or author attributions in that material or in the Appropriate Legal Notices displayed by works containing it; or c. Prohibiting misrepresentation of the origin of that material, or requiring that modified versions of such material be marked in reasonable ways as different from the original version; or d. Limiting the use for publicity purposes of names of licensors or authors of the material; or e. Declining to grant rights under trademark law for use of some trade names, trademarks, or service marks; or f. Requiring indemnification of licensors and authors of that material by anyone who conveys the material (or modified versions of it) with contractual assumptions of liability to the recipient, for any liability that these contractual assumptions directly impose on those licensors and authors. All other non-permissive additional terms are considered "further restrictions" within the meaning of section 10. If the Program as you received it, or any part of it, contains a notice stating that it is governed by this License along with a term that is a further restriction, you may remove that term. If a license document contains a further restriction but permits relicensing or conveying under this License, you may add to a covered work material governed by the terms of that license document, provided that the further restriction does not survive such relicensing or conveying. If you add terms to a covered work in accord with this section, you must place, in the relevant source files, a statement of the additional terms that apply to those files, or a notice indicating where to find the applicable terms. Additional terms, permissive or non-permissive, may be stated in the form of a separately written license, or stated as exceptions; the above requirements apply either way. 8. Termination. You may not propagate or modify a covered work except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt otherwise to propagate or modify it is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License (including any patent licenses granted under the third paragraph of section 11). However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your license from a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a) provisionally, unless and until the copyright holder explicitly and finally terminates your license, and (b) permanently, if the copyright holder fails to notify you of the violation by some reasonable means prior to 60 days after the cessation. Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is reinstated permanently if the copyright holder notifies you of the violation by some reasonable means, this is the first time you have received notice of violation of this License (for any work) from that copyright holder, and you cure the violation prior to 30 days after your receipt of the notice. Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate the licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you under this License. If your rights have been terminated and not permanently reinstated, you do not qualify to receive new licenses for the same material under section 10. 9. Acceptance Not Required for Having Copies. You are not required to accept this License in order to receive or run a copy of the Program. Ancillary propagation of a covered work occurring solely as a consequence of using peer-to-peer transmission to receive a copy likewise does not require acceptance. However, nothing other than this License grants you permission to propagate or modify any covered work. These actions infringe copyright if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by modifying or propagating a covered work, you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so. 10. Automatic Licensing of Downstream Recipients. Each time you convey a covered work, the recipient automatically receives a license from the original licensors, to run, modify and propagate that work, subject to this License. You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties with this License. An "entity transaction" is a transaction transferring control of an organization, or substantially all assets of one, or subdividing an organization, or merging organizations. If propagation of a covered work results from an entity transaction, each party to that transaction who receives a copy of the work also receives whatever licenses to the work the party's predecessor in interest had or could give under the previous paragraph, plus a right to possession of the Corresponding Source of the work from the predecessor in interest, if the predecessor has it or can get it with reasonable efforts. You may not impose any further restrictions on the exercise of the rights granted or affirmed under this License. For example, you may not impose a license fee, royalty, or other charge for exercise of rights granted under this License, and you may not initiate litigation (including a cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that any patent claim is infringed by making, using, selling, offering for sale, or importing the Program or any portion of it. 11. Patents. A "contributor" is a copyright holder who authorizes use under this License of the Program or a work on which the Program is based. The work thus licensed is called the contributor's "contributor version". A contributor's "essential patent claims" are all patent claims owned or controlled by the contributor, whether already acquired or hereafter acquired, that would be infringed by some manner, permitted by this License, of making, using, or selling its contributor version, but do not include claims that would be infringed only as a consequence of further modification of the contributor version. For purposes of this definition, "control" includes the right to grant patent sublicenses in a manner consistent with the requirements of this License. Each contributor grants you a non-exclusive, worldwide, royalty-free patent license under the contributor's essential patent claims, to make, use, sell, offer for sale, import and otherwise run, modify and propagate the contents of its contributor version. In the following three paragraphs, a "patent license" is any express agreement or commitment, however denominated, not to enforce a patent (such as an express permission to practice a patent or covenant not to sue for patent infringement). To "grant" such a patent license to a party means to make such an agreement or commitment not to enforce a patent against the party. If you convey a covered work, knowingly relying on a patent license, and the Corresponding Source of the work is not available for anyone to copy, free of charge and under the terms of this License, through a publicly available network server or other readily accessible means, then you must either (1) cause the Corresponding Source to be so available, or (2) arrange to deprive yourself of the benefit of the patent license for this particular work, or (3) arrange, in a manner consistent with the requirements of this License, to extend the patent license to downstream recipients. "Knowingly relying" means you have actual knowledge that, but for the patent license, your conveying the covered work in a country, or your recipient's use of the covered work in a country, would infringe one or more identifiable patents in that country that you have reason to believe are valid. If, pursuant to or in connection with a single transaction or arrangement, you convey, or propagate by procuring conveyance of, a covered work, and grant a patent license to some of the parties receiving the covered work authorizing them to use, propagate, modify or convey a specific copy of the covered work, then the patent license you grant is automatically extended to all recipients of the covered work and works based on it. A patent license is "discriminatory" if it does not include within the scope of its coverage, prohibits the exercise of, or is conditioned on the non-exercise of one or more of the rights that are specifically granted under this License. You may not convey a covered work if you are a party to an arrangement with a third party that is in the business of distributing software, under which you make payment to the third party based on the extent of your activity of conveying the work, and under which the third party grants, to any of the parties who would receive the covered work from you, a discriminatory patent license (a) in connection with copies of the covered work conveyed by you (or copies made from those copies), or (b) primarily for and in connection with specific products or compilations that contain the covered work, unless you entered into that arrangement, or that patent license was granted, prior to 28 March 2007. Nothing in this License shall be construed as excluding or limiting any implied license or other defenses to infringement that may otherwise be available to you under applicable patent law. 12. No Surrender of Others' Freedom. If conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot convey a covered work so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you may not convey it at all. For example, if you agree to terms that obligate you to collect a royalty for further conveying from those to whom you convey the Program, the only way you could satisfy both those terms and this License would be to refrain entirely from conveying the Program. 13. Use with the GNU Affero General Public License. Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, you have permission to link or combine any covered work with a work licensed under version 3 of the GNU Affero General Public License into a single combined work, and to convey the resulting work. The terms of this License will continue to apply to the part which is the covered work, but the special requirements of the GNU Affero General Public License, section 13, concerning interaction through a network will apply to the combination as such. 14. Revised Versions of this License. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of the GNU General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program specifies that a certain numbered version of the GNU General Public License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that numbered version or of any later version published by the Free Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of the GNU General Public License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software Foundation. If the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future versions of the GNU General Public License can be used, that proxy's public statement of acceptance of a version permanently authorizes you to choose that version for the Program. Later license versions may give you additional or different permissions. However, no additional obligations are imposed on any author or copyright holder as a result of your choosing to follow a later version. 15. Disclaimer of Warranty. THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION. 16. Limitation of Liability. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES AND/OR CONVEYS THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. 17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16. If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms, reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a copy of the Program in return for a fee. END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS =========================== How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs ============================================= If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms. To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found. ONE LINE TO GIVE THE PROGRAM'S NAME AND A BRIEF IDEA OF WHAT IT DOES. Copyright (C) YEAR NAME OF AUTHOR This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program. If not, see `http://www.gnu.org/licenses/'. Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail. If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode: PROGRAM Copyright (C) YEAR NAME OF AUTHOR This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'. This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it under certain conditions; type `show c' for details. The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate parts of the General Public License. Of course, your program's commands might be different; for a GUI interface, you would use an "about box". You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary. For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see `http://www.gnu.org/licenses/'. The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General Public License instead of this License. But first, please read `http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html'.  File: erc, Node: GNU Free Documentation License, Next: Concept Index, Prev: Copying, Up: Top Version 1.3, 3 November 2008 Copyright (C) 2000, 2001, 2002, 2007, 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc. `http://fsf.org/' Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. 0. PREAMBLE The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other functional and useful document "free" in the sense of freedom: to assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially. Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible for modifications made by others. This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft license designed for free software. We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free software, because free software needs free documentation: a free program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals; it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference. 1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice grants a world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that work under the conditions stated herein. The "Document", below, refers to any such manual or work. Any member of the public is a licensee, and is addressed as "you". You accept the license if you copy, modify or distribute the work in a way requiring permission under copyright law. A "Modified Version" of the Document means any work containing the Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with modifications and/or translated into another language. A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or a front-matter section of the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall subject (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall directly within that overall subject. (Thus, if the Document is in part a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain any mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of historical connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal, commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding them. The "Invariant Sections" are certain Secondary Sections whose titles are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice that says that the Document is released under this License. If a section does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it is not allowed to be designated as Invariant. The Document may contain zero Invariant Sections. If the Document does not identify any Invariant Sections then there are none. The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of text that are listed, as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that the Document is released under this License. A Front-Cover Text may be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may be at most 25 words. A "Transparent" copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy, represented in a format whose specification is available to the general public, that is suitable for revising the document straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file format whose markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to thwart or discourage subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent. An image format is not Transparent if used for any substantial amount of text. A copy that is not "Transparent" is called "Opaque". Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML or XML using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple HTML, PostScript or PDF designed for human modification. Examples of transparent image formats include PNG, XCF and JPG. Opaque formats include proprietary formats that can be read and edited only by proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or processing tools are not generally available, and the machine-generated HTML, PostScript or PDF produced by some word processors for output purposes only. The "Title Page" means, for a printed book, the title page itself, plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material this License requires to appear in the title page. For works in formats which do not have any title page as such, "Title Page" means the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title, preceding the beginning of the body of the text. The "publisher" means any person or entity that distributes copies of the Document to the public. A section "Entitled XYZ" means a named subunit of the Document whose title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses following text that translates XYZ in another language. (Here XYZ stands for a specific section name mentioned below, such as "Acknowledgements", "Dedications", "Endorsements", or "History".) To "Preserve the Title" of such a section when you modify the Document means that it remains a section "Entitled XYZ" according to this definition. The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which states that this License applies to the Document. These Warranty Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in this License, but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has no effect on the meaning of this License. 2. VERBATIM COPYING You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further copying of the copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3. You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and you may publicly display copies. 3. COPYING IN QUANTITY If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on the back cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify you as the publisher of these copies. The front cover must present the full title with all words of the title equally prominent and visible. You may add other material on the covers in addition. Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated as verbatim copying in other respects. If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent pages. If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy a computer-network location from which the general network-using public has access to download using public-standard network protocols a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material. If you use the latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, when you begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure that this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated location until at least one year after the last time you distribute an Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that edition to the public. It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document. 4. MODIFICATIONS You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy of it. In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version: A. Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions (which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section of the Document). You may use the same title as a previous version if the original publisher of that version gives permission. B. List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the Document (all of its principal authors, if it has fewer than five), unless they release you from this requirement. C. State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the Modified Version, as the publisher. D. Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document. E. Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications adjacent to the other copyright notices. F. Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below. G. Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice. H. Include an unaltered copy of this License. I. Preserve the section Entitled "History", Preserve its Title, and add to it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If there is no section Entitled "History" in the Document, create one stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified Version as stated in the previous sentence. J. Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise the network locations given in the Document for previous versions it was based on. These may be placed in the "History" section. You may omit a network location for a work that was published at least four years before the Document itself, or if the original publisher of the version it refers to gives permission. K. For any section Entitled "Acknowledgements" or "Dedications", Preserve the Title of the section, and preserve in the section all the substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements and/or dedications given therein. L. Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, unaltered in their text and in their titles. Section numbers or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles. M. Delete any section Entitled "Endorsements". Such a section may not be included in the Modified Version. N. Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled "Endorsements" or to conflict in title with any Invariant Section. O. Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers. If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice. These titles must be distinct from any other section titles. You may add a section Entitled "Endorsements", provided it contains nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various parties--for example, statements of peer review or that the text has been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a standard. You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document already includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of, you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit permission from the previous publisher that added the old one. The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or imply endorsement of any Modified Version. 5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS You may combine the Document with other documents released under this License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its license notice, and that you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers. The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but different contents, make the title of each such section unique by adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number. Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work. In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled "History" in the various original documents, forming one section Entitled "History"; likewise combine any sections Entitled "Acknowledgements", and any sections Entitled "Dedications". You must delete all sections Entitled "Endorsements." 6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects. You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document. 7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or distribution medium, is called an "aggregate" if the copyright resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights of the compilation's users beyond what the individual works permit. When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does not apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves derivative works of the Document. If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form. Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole aggregate. 8. TRANSLATION Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4. Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special permission from their copyright holders, but you may include translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a translation of this License, and all the license notices in the Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also include the original English version of this License and the original versions of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a disagreement between the translation and the original version of this License or a notice or disclaimer, the original version will prevail. If a section in the Document is Entitled "Acknowledgements", "Dedications", or "History", the requirement (section 4) to Preserve its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual title. 9. TERMINATION You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute it is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License. However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your license from a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a) provisionally, unless and until the copyright holder explicitly and finally terminates your license, and (b) permanently, if the copyright holder fails to notify you of the violation by some reasonable means prior to 60 days after the cessation. Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is reinstated permanently if the copyright holder notifies you of the violation by some reasonable means, this is the first time you have received notice of violation of this License (for any work) from that copyright holder, and you cure the violation prior to 30 days after your receipt of the notice. Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate the licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you under this License. If your rights have been terminated and not permanently reinstated, receipt of a copy of some or all of the same material does not give you any rights to use it. 10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See `http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/'. Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number. If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. If the Document specifies that a proxy can decide which future versions of this License can be used, that proxy's public statement of acceptance of a version permanently authorizes you to choose that version for the Document. 11. RELICENSING "Massive Multiauthor Collaboration Site" (or "MMC Site") means any World Wide Web server that publishes copyrightable works and also provides prominent facilities for anybody to edit those works. A public wiki that anybody can edit is an example of such a server. A "Massive Multiauthor Collaboration" (or "MMC") contained in the site means any set of copyrightable works thus published on the MMC site. "CC-BY-SA" means the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 license published by Creative Commons Corporation, a not-for-profit corporation with a principal place of business in San Francisco, California, as well as future copyleft versions of that license published by that same organization. "Incorporate" means to publish or republish a Document, in whole or in part, as part of another Document. An MMC is "eligible for relicensing" if it is licensed under this License, and if all works that were first published under this License somewhere other than this MMC, and subsequently incorporated in whole or in part into the MMC, (1) had no cover texts or invariant sections, and (2) were thus incorporated prior to November 1, 2008. The operator of an MMC Site may republish an MMC contained in the site under CC-BY-SA on the same site at any time before August 1, 2009, provided the MMC is eligible for relicensing. ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents ==================================================== To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of the License in the document and put the following copyright and license notices just after the title page: Copyright (C) YEAR YOUR NAME. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU Free Documentation License''. If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts, replace the "with...Texts." line with this: with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST. If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the situation. If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of free software license, such as the GNU General Public License, to permit their use in free software.  File: erc, Node: Concept Index, Prev: GNU Free Documentation License, Up: Top Index ***** [index] * Menu: * advanced topics: Advanced Usage. (line 6) * bugs, reporting: Getting Help and Reporting Bugs. (line 6) * configuration, sample: Sample Configuration. (line 6) * connecting: Connecting. (line 6) * Debian package for ERC: Releases. (line 12) * development: Development. (line 6) * erc: Connecting. (line 11) * erc-compute-full-name: Connecting. (line 112) * erc-compute-nick: Connecting. (line 77) * erc-compute-port: Connecting. (line 56) * erc-compute-server: Connecting. (line 35) * git version control system, using: Development. (line 9) * help, getting: Getting Help and Reporting Bugs. (line 6) * history ring: Special Features. (line 39) * history, of ERC: History. (line 6) * keystrokes: Keystroke Summary. (line 6) * modules: Modules. (line 6) * modules, autoaway: Modules. (line 15) * modules, autojoin: Modules. (line 18) * modules, bbdb: Modules. (line 21) * modules, button: Modules. (line 24) * modules, capab-identify: Modules. (line 27) * modules, completion: Modules. (line 31) * modules, fill: Modules. (line 34) * modules, hecomplete: Modules. (line 37) * modules, identd: Modules. (line 41) * modules, irccontrols: Modules. (line 44) * modules, log: Modules. (line 47) * modules, match: Modules. (line 50) * modules, menu: Modules. (line 53) * modules, netsplit: Modules. (line 56) * modules, noncommands: Modules. (line 59) * modules, notify: Modules. (line 62) * modules, page: Modules. (line 65) * modules, pcomplete: Modules. (line 31) * modules, readonly: Modules. (line 68) * modules, replace: Modules. (line 71) * modules, ring: Modules. (line 74) * modules, scrolltobottom: Modules. (line 77) * modules, services: Modules. (line 80) * modules, smiley: Modules. (line 83) * modules, sound: Modules. (line 86) * modules, spelling: Modules. (line 89) * modules, stamp: Modules. (line 92) * modules, track: Modules. (line 95) * modules, truncate: Modules. (line 98) * modules, unmorse: Modules. (line 101) * options: Options. (line 6) * query buffers: Special Features. (line 13) * releases, Debian package: Releases. (line 12) * releases, from source: Releases. (line 15) * settings: Getting Started. (line 6) * updating ERC with git: Development. (line 66)  Tag Table: Node: Top1110 Node: Introduction3601 Node: Obtaining ERC4270 Node: Releases4929 Node: Development5504 Node: Installation8617 Node: Getting Started10254 Node: Sample Session11220 Node: Special Features13623 Node: Keystroke Summary15916 Node: Modules18453 Node: Advanced Usage20517 Node: Connecting20864 Node: Sample Configuration24213 Node: Options27577 Node: Getting Help and Reporting Bugs27830 Node: History28959 Node: Copying31033 Node: GNU Free Documentation License68528 Node: Concept Index93610  End Tag Table