GSL - GNU Scientific Library ============================ Installation Instructions ========================= GSL follows the standard GNU installation procedure. To compile GSL you will need an ANSI C-compiler. After unpacking the distribution the Makefiles can be prepared using the configure command, ./configure You can then build the library by typing, make Both static and shared versions of the libraries will be compiled by default. Compilation of shared libraries can be turned off by specifying the `--disable-shared' option to `configure', e.g. ./configure --disable-shared If you encounter problems building the library try using the above option, because some platforms do not support shared libraries. If you change any compilation options you will need to remove any existing compiled files with, make clean before running "make" again, so the new settings take effect. For notes about problems with specific platforms and compilers see the next section of this file (below). An extensive test suite is available. After compiling the library with "make", it can be invoked with "make check" at the top level. The test output should be directed to a file rather than a terminal, with the command, make check > log 2>&1 to allow any errors to be examined in detail. By default, only test failures are shown. To see the complete output, set the environment variable GSL_TEST_VERBOSE=1. Use "make -k check" to continue running the remaining tests in the event of failures. If you run the tests and get some failures, please see the notes on platform specific problems below. If you find failures that are not mentioned, please report them to bug-gsl@gnu.org. The library can be installed using the command, make install The default installation directory prefix is /usr/local. Installing in this directory will require root privileges on most systems (use "su" or "sudo"). The installation directory can be changed with the --prefix option to configure. Consult the "Further Information" section below for instructions on installing the library in another location or changing other default compilation options. When building from source, GNU packages are compiled with debugging symbols enabled by default (CFLAGS="-g -O2"). It's part of the philosophy that anyone should be able to examine any program on the system. ------------------------------ Platform Specific Compilation Notes =================================== This section documents any known issues with installing GSL on specific platforms. * General hints for all platforms * AIX * Compaq/DEC Alpha * HP-UX * IRIX * MacOS X / PowerPC * Microsoft Windows * OpenBSD * OS/2 * Solaris Hints for any platform ====================== 1) If there are problems building the library try using ./configure --disable-shared --disable-dependency-tracking This will turn off the compilation of shared libraries and dependency tracking and may allow the build process to complete successfully. If you get any problems try this first. 2) If your compiler uses the C99-style inline keyword, use ./configure CFLAGS="-DGSL_C99_INLINE -g -O2" to avoid problems with duplicate function definitions. For gcc this is handled automatically. See the file gsl_inline.h for the preprocessor definitions that are used. 3) If you want to pass C++ functions with exceptions to GSL, the library needs to be compiled with the GCC option -fexceptions ./confugire CFLAGS="-fexceptions ..." to allow C++ exceptions to be handled. 4) With gcc-4.3.2 the tests in the poly/ directory fail due to a compiler optimization bug which is fixed in later versions of GCC (http://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=38478). FAIL: y.real, gsl_complex_poly_complex_eval ({-2.31 + 0.44i, 4.21 - 3.19i, 0.93 + 1.04i, -0.42 + 0.68i}, 0.49 + 0.95i) (-1.68450788000000018 observed vs 1.82462012000000007 expected) [9] FAIL: y.imag, gsl_complex_poly_complex_eval ({-2.31 + 0.44i, 4.21 - 3.19i, 0.93 + 1.04i, -0.42 + 0.68i}, 0.49 + 0.95i) (-0.30943988 observed vs 2.30389411999999982 expected) [10] With gcc-2.95/2.96 the tests fail in the eigen/ directory. This is due to a compiler optimization bug which causes errors in the manipulation of complex numbers. If you encounter these problems, install a different version of gcc. 5) Attempts to run 'strip' on the static library libgsl.a will probably produce a broken library (it is known to happen with GNU binutils strip, and probably affects others too). The libgsl.a ar archive made by libtool contains files with the same filenames from different directories, and this causes the strip program to overwrite these archive entries. If you need to produce a compact version of the library compile without -g instead of using strip. make install-strip does not work, due to a minor problem with autoconf which is fixed in the 2.5 development version of autoconf. In the meantime compile without -g instead if you need to reduce the file size. 6) The configure script can fail with a segmentation fault on bash-2.01 $ ./configure Segmentation fault This is due to a bug in bash, related to the MAIL environment variable. To work around it use $ unset ENV MAIL MAILPATH $ ./configure which should avoid the problem. Hints for AIX ============= For compilation problems with the native compiler xlc, try disabling shared libraries, setenv CC 'xlc' setenv CFLAGS '-O -qmaxmem=8192' ./configure --disable-shared make If you compile with higher optimisation -O3 you will also need -qstrict. The -O3 flag causes the -nostrict option to be enabled. This affects the accuracy of the results and causes some of the tests to fail. If you get errors like ld: 0711-593 SEVERE ERROR: Symbol C_BSTAT (entry 635) in object siman_tsp.o: The symbol refers to a csect with symbol number 0, which was not found. The new symbol cannot be associated with a csect and is being ignored. this is due to problems with some versions of the IBM assembler. Try compiling with CFLAGS="-g0" as a workaround. For details and other solutions see https://www-304.ibm.com/support/docview.wss?uid=isg1IZ98134 and http://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=46072 If you get the error, ld: 0711-781 ERROR: TOC overflow. you can try building the library with a larger linker table-of-contents by setting LDFLAGS before compilation, ./configure LDFLAGS="-Wl,-bbigtoc" On older versions of AIX (e.g. 4.2) the size of the command-line is limited to 24kb, which causes linking to fail (due to the large number of files to be linked). Unfortunately this limit cannot be increased. To link the library you may need to use a manual approach of incrementally combining the object files in smaller groups. On more recent versions of AIX (e.g >= 5.1) use chdev -l sys0 -a ncargs=NNN to increase the allowed number of arguments. NNN is the amount of space measured in 4k blocks (default 6, maximum 1024) Hints for Compaq/DEC Alpha ========================== When comping with GCC use the -mieee and -mfp-rounding-mode options as appropriate, e.g. ./configure CFLAGS="-mieee -mfp-rounding-mode=d -g -O2" The library should compile successfully with Compaq's C compiler on Tru64 Unix 'cc' using the -std, -ieee and -fprm options. Use ./configure CC=cc make CFLAGS="-std -ieee -fprm d" to build the library this way. Use GNU tar to unpack the tar file, as Tru64 tar gives an error halfway through. Hints for HP-UX =============== The default mode of the HP-UX C compiler does not use ANSI C. To compile GSL you need to select ANSI C mode with the following configuration option: ./configure CFLAGS="-Ae" To switch on optimization use CFLAGS="-Ae -O". Hints for IRIX (SGI) ==================== The library should be compiled with the CFLAGS option -OPT:IEEE_NaN_inf=ON to ensure correct IEEE arithmetic. The tests in sys/ will fail without this option. The older deprecated option -OPT:IEEE_comparisons=ON will also work. The 32 bit IRIX compiler gives warnings about "long double" not being supported. These can be ignored or turned off with, ./configure CFLAGS="-woff 728" or make CFLAGS="-woff 728" The compiler also gives warnings about certain libraries that are "not used for resolving any symbol". This is harmless and the warnings can be ignored. You may get warnings about " /usr/bin/ld: arg list too long" when building shared libraries. If so, try increasing the ncargs kernel parameter with the systune(1m) command. For 64-bit compilation use the following options, ./configure CC=cc CFLAGS="-64" LDFLAGS="-64" or for gcc CFLAGS="-mabi-64" LDFLAGS="-mabi=64 -mips4 -L/usr/local/lib/mabi=64" Hints for MacOS X and PowerPC ============================= To install in /usr/local on MacOS systems, do "sudo make install" to gain root privileges. Note that GSL contains files with filenames of 32 characters or more. Therefore you need to be careful in unpacking the tar file, as some MacOS applications such as Stuffit Expander will truncate filenames to 31 characters. Using GNU tar and gunzip directly is the safe way to unpack the distribution. There are problems with dynamic linker, so the library should be compiled with, ./configure --disable-shared --disable-dependency-tracking It has been reported that shared libraries can be built if MacOS X specific versions of libtool, automake and autoconf from http://fink.sourceforge.net/ are installed, and the GSL source is reconfigured from scratch (./autogen.sh; ./configure; make) To avoid warnings about long-double, use the flag CFLAGS="-Wno-long-double ....(other options here)" in addition to the normal compilation options. The GCC 3.3 compiler shipped by Apple contains a bug which causes the wavelet tests to fail on "data untouched" tests at optimisation level -O2. You may be able work around this by compiling with CFLAGS="-O1 ..." instead. F J Frankin reported that some early versions of GCC-2.95 have a problem with long argument lists on PPC architecture, and this prevents GSL from compiling correctly (e.g. the test program in the blas directory gives a segmentation fault when run). This problem is fixed in more recent versions of GCC. Hints for Microsoft Windows =========================== GSL should compile with GCC under Cygwin on Microsoft Windows. There is a gsl package in the standard Cygwin distribution which contains any patches needed. With Mingw/MSYS some floating point issues have been reported which cause failures in the monte/ test directory. Hints for OpenBSD ================= As of July 2001 the OpenBSD log1p() function on i386 causes failures in the gsl complex tests. The configure script has been hardcoded to substitute gsl_log1p instead on OpenBSD. The log1p() bug has been reported and so may be fixed in future versions of OpenBSD. Hints for OS/2 ============== The configure script fails to detect the function 'isnan', leading to a slew of errors 'isnan redefined'. To work around this problem, run configure and edit the resulting config.h file to comment out the line which defines HAVE_ISINF. Hints for Solaris ================= If you are using the Sun compilers then the library should be compiled with the Sun C compiler 'cc', not 'CC' which is the C++ compiler. The Sun compiler tools are stored in non-standard directories -- make sure that all the compiler and linker tools (cc, ar, ranlib, ld) are on the PATH. A typical PATH should include the directories /opt/SUNWspro/bin:/usr/ccs/bin:/usr/ucb in that order. For example, $ PATH=/opt/SUNWspro/bin:/usr/ccs/bin:/usr/ucb:$PATH $ ./configure CC=cc CFLAGS=-O If you see configure output checking for ar... : it means that 'ar' has not been found, and the library will fail to build. If you use the Sun compiler you should use the Sun linker and assembler. If you use GCC, you can use the GNU linker and assembler or the Sun linker and assembler. There may be some warnings about "end of loop code not reached". These can be ignored -- they come from the do { ... ; return ; } while(0) statement in the GSL_ERROR macro. If you get errors such as symbol `gsl_complex_rect' is multiply-defined you will need to use ./configure CFLAGS="-DGSL_C99_INLINE -g -O2" ------------------------------ Further information on the standard GNU installation procedure ============================================================== The sections below describe the general features of the standard GNU installation procedure. Basic Installation ================== These are generic installation instructions. The `configure' shell script attempts to guess correct values for various system-dependent variables used during compilation. It uses those values to create a `Makefile' in each directory of the package. It may also create one or more `.h' files containing system-dependent definitions. Finally, it creates a shell script `config.status' that you can run in the future to recreate the current configuration, a file `config.cache' that saves the results of its tests to speed up reconfiguring, and a file `config.log' containing compiler output (useful mainly for debugging `configure'). If you need to do unusual things to compile the package, please try to figure out how `configure' could check whether to do them, and mail diffs or instructions to the address given in the `README' so they can be considered for the next release. If at some point `config.cache' contains results you don't want to keep, you may remove or edit it. The file `configure.in' is used to create `configure' by a program called `autoconf'. You only need `configure.in' if you want to change it or regenerate `configure' using a newer version of `autoconf'. The simplest way to compile this package is: 1. `cd' to the directory containing the package's source code and type `./configure' to configure the package for your system. If you're using `csh' on an old version of System V, you might need to type `sh ./configure' instead to prevent `csh' from trying to execute `configure' itself. Running `configure' takes a while. While running, it prints some messages telling which features it is checking for. 2. Type `make' to compile the package. 3. Optionally, type `make check' to run any self-tests that come with the package. 4. Type `make install' to install the programs and any data files and documentation. 5. You can remove the program binaries and object files from the source code directory by typing `make clean'. To also remove the files that `configure' created (so you can compile the package for a different kind of computer), type `make distclean'. There is also a `make maintainer-clean' target, but that is intended mainly for the package's developers. If you use it, you may have to get all sorts of other programs in order to regenerate files that came with the distribution. Compilers and Options ===================== Some systems require unusual options for compilation or linking that the `configure' script does not know about. You can give `configure' initial values for variables by setting them in the environment. Using a Bourne-compatible shell, you can do that on the command line like this: CC=c89 CFLAGS=-O2 LIBS=-lposix ./configure Or on systems that have the `env' program, you can do it like this: env CPPFLAGS=-I/usr/local/include LDFLAGS=-s ./configure Compiling For Multiple Architectures ==================================== You can compile the package for more than one kind of computer at the same time, by placing the object files for each architecture in their own directory. To do this, you must use a version of `make' that supports the `VPATH' variable, such as GNU `make'. `cd' to the directory where you want the object files and executables to go and run the `configure' script. `configure' automatically checks for the source code in the directory that `configure' is in and in `..'. If you have to use a `make' that does not supports the `VPATH' variable, you have to compile the package for one architecture at a time in the source code directory. After you have installed the package for one architecture, use `make distclean' before reconfiguring for another architecture. Installation Names ================== By default, `make install' will install the package's files in `/usr/local/bin', `/usr/local/man', etc. You can specify an installation prefix other than `/usr/local' by giving `configure' the option `--prefix=PATH'. You can specify separate installation prefixes for architecture-specific files and architecture-independent files. If you give `configure' the option `--exec-prefix=PATH', the package will use PATH as the prefix for installing programs and libraries. Documentation and other data files will still use the regular prefix. If the package supports it, you can cause programs to be installed with an extra prefix or suffix on their names by giving `configure' the option `--program-prefix=PREFIX' or `--program-suffix=SUFFIX'. Optional Features ================= Some packages pay attention to `--enable-FEATURE' options to `configure', where FEATURE indicates an optional part of the package. They may also pay attention to `--with-PACKAGE' options, where PACKAGE is something like `gnu-as' or `x' (for the X Window System). The `README' should mention any `--enable-' and `--with-' options that the package recognizes. For packages that use the X Window System, `configure' can usually find the X include and library files automatically, but if it doesn't, you can use the `configure' options `--x-includes=DIR' and `--x-libraries=DIR' to specify their locations. Specifying the System Type ========================== There may be some features `configure' can not figure out automatically, but needs to determine by the type of host the package will run on. Usually `configure' can figure that out, but if it prints a message saying it can not guess the host type, give it the `--host=TYPE' option. TYPE can either be a short name for the system type, such as `sun4', or a canonical name with three fields: CPU-COMPANY-SYSTEM See the file `config.sub' for the possible values of each field. If `config.sub' isn't included in this package, then this package doesn't need to know the host type. If you are building compiler tools for cross-compiling, you can also use the `--target=TYPE' option to select the type of system they will produce code for and the `--build=TYPE' option to select the type of system on which you are compiling the package. Sharing Defaults ================ If you want to set default values for `configure' scripts to share, you can create a site shell script called `config.site' that gives default values for variables like `CC', `cache_file', and `prefix'. `configure' looks for `PREFIX/share/config.site' if it exists, then `PREFIX/etc/config.site' if it exists. Or, you can set the `CONFIG_SITE' environment variable to the location of the site script. A warning: not all `configure' scripts look for a site script. Operation Controls ================== `configure' recognizes the following options to control how it operates. `--cache-file=FILE' Use and save the results of the tests in FILE instead of `./config.cache'. Set FILE to `/dev/null' to disable caching, for debugging `configure'. `--help' Print a summary of the options to `configure', and exit. `--quiet' `--silent' `-q' Do not print messages saying which checks are being made. `--srcdir=DIR' Look for the package's source code in directory DIR. Usually `configure' can determine that directory automatically. `--version' Print the version of Autoconf used to generate the `configure' script, and exit. `configure' also accepts some other, not widely useful, options.