This track shows a comprehensive survey of cis-regulatory elements in the mouse genome by using ChIP-seq (Robertson et al., 2007) to identify transcription factor binding sites and chromatin modification profiles in many mouse (C57Bl/6) tissues and primary cells, including bone marrow, cerebellum, cortex, heart, kidney, liver, lung, spleen, mouse embryonic fibroblast cells (MEFs) and embryonic stem (ES) cells.
In specific, the Ren lab examined RNA polymerase II (PolII), co-activator protein p300, the insulator protein CTCF, and two chromatin modification marks H3K4me3 and H3K4me1 due to their demonstrated utilities in identifying promoters, enhancers and insulator elements (Barski et al., 2007; Blow et al., 2010; Heintzman et al., 2009; Kim et al., 2007; Kim et al., 2005a; Visel et al., 2009). Enrichment of H3K4me3 or PolII signals is a strong indicator of active promoter, while the presence of p300 or H3K4me1 outside of promoter regions has been used as a mark for enhancers. CTCF binding sites are considered as a mark for potential insulator elements. For each transcription factor or chromatin mark in each tissue, ChIP-seq was carried out with at least two biological replicates. Each experiment produced 20-30 million monoclonal, uniquely mapped tags.
This track is a multi-view composite track that contains multiple data types (views). For each view, there are multiple subtracks that display individually on the browser. Instructions for configuring multi-view tracks are here. This track contains the following views:
Cells were grown according to the approved ENCODE cell culture protocols.
Library construction was performed according to Ren Lab Library Protocol.
These data were generated and analyzed in Bing Ren's laboratory at the Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research.
Contact: Yin Shen
Barski A, Cuddapah S, Cui K, Roh TY, Schones DE, Wang Z, Wei G, Chepelev I, Zhao K. High-resolution profiling of histone methylations in the human genome. Cell. 2007 May 18;129(4):823-37.
Blow MJ, McCulley DJ, Li Z, Zhang T, Akiyama JA, Holt A, Plajzer-Frick I, Shoukry M, Wright C, Chen F et al. ChIP-Seq identification of weakly conserved heart enhancers. Nat Genet. 2010 Sep;42(9):806-10.
Heintzman ND, Hon GC, Hawkins RD, Kheradpour P, Stark A, Harp LF, Ye Z, Lee LK, Stuart RK, Ching CW et al. Histone modifications at human enhancers reflect global cell-type-specific gene expression. Nature. 2009 May 7;459(7243):108-12.
Kim TH, Abdullaev ZK, Smith AD, Ching KA, Loukinov DI, Green RD, Zhang MQ, Lobanenkov VV, Ren B. Analysis of the vertebrate insulator protein CTCF-binding sites in the human genome. Cell. 2007 Mar 23;128(6):1231-45.
Kim TH, Barrera LO, Qu C, Van Calcar S, Trinklein ND, Cooper SJ, Luna RM, Glass CK, Rosenfeld MG, Myers RM et al. Direct isolation and identification of promoters in the human genome. Genome Res. 2005 Jun;15(6):830-9.
Langmead B, Trapnell C, Pop M, Salzberg SL. Ultrafast and memory-efficient alignment of short DNA sequences to the human genome. Genome Biol. 2009;10(3):R25.
Robertson G, Hirst M, Bainbridge M, Bilenky M, Zhao Y, Zeng T, Euskirchen G, Bernier B, Varhol R, Delaney A et al. Genome-wide profiles of STAT1 DNA association using chromatin immunoprecipitation and massively parallel sequencing. Nat Methods. 2007 Aug;4(8):651-7.
Visel A, Blow MJ, Li Z, Zhang T, Akiyama JA, Holt A, Plajzer-Frick I, Shoukry M, Wright C, Chen F et al. ChIP-seq accurately predicts tissue-specific activity of enhancers. Nature. 2009 Feb 12;457(7231):854-8.
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