This is ../../info/ada-mode, produced by makeinfo version 4.11 from ada-mode.texi. Copyright (C) 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with the Front-Cover texts being "A GNU Manual", and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a) below. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License". (a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: "You have the freedom to copy and modify this GNU manual. Buying copies from the FSF supports it in developing GNU and promoting software freedom." INFO-DIR-SECTION Emacs START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY * Ada mode: (ada-mode). Emacs mode for editing and compiling Ada code. END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY  File: ada-mode, Node: Top, Next: Overview, Prev: (dir), Up: (dir) Copyright (C) 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with the Front-Cover texts being "A GNU Manual", and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a) below. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License". (a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: "You have the freedom to copy and modify this GNU manual. Buying copies from the FSF supports it in developing GNU and promoting software freedom." * Menu: * Overview:: * Installation:: Installing Ada mode on your system * Customization:: Setting up Ada mode to your taste * Compiling Executing:: Working with your application within Emacs * Project files:: Describing the organization of your project * Compiling Examples:: A small tutorial * Moving Through Ada Code:: Moving easily through Ada sources * Identifier completion:: Finishing words automatically * Automatic Smart Indentation:: Indenting your code automatically as you type * Formatting Parameter Lists:: Formatting subprograms' parameter lists automatically * Automatic Casing:: Adjusting the case of words automatically * Statement Templates:: Inserting code templates * Comment Handling:: Reformatting comments easily * GNU Free Documentation License:: The license for this documentation. * Index::  File: ada-mode, Node: Overview, Next: Installation, Prev: Top, Up: Top 1 Overview ********** The Emacs mode for programming in Ada helps the user in understanding existing code and facilitates writing new code. When the Gnu Ada compiler GNAT is used, the cross-reference information output by the compiler is used to provide powerful code navigation (jump to definition, find all uses, etc). When you open a file with a file extension of `.ads' or `.adb', Emacs will automatically load and activate Ada mode. Ada mode works without any customization, if you are using the GNAT compiler (`https://libre2.adacore.com/') and the GNAT default naming convention. You must customize a few things if you are using a different compiler or file naming convention; *Note Other compiler::, *Note Non-standard file names::. In addition, you may want to customize the indentation, capitalization, and other things; *Note Other customization::. Finally, for large Ada projects, you will want to set up an Emacs Ada mode project file for each project; *Note Project files::. Note that these are different from the GNAT project files used by gnatmake and other GNAT commands. See the Emacs info manual, section 'Running Debuggers Under Emacs', for general information on debugging.  File: ada-mode, Node: Installation, Next: Customization, Prev: Overview, Up: Top 2 Installation ************** Ada mode is part of the standard Emacs distribution; if you use that, no files need to be installed. Ada mode is also available as a separate distribution, from the Emacs Ada mode website `http://stephe-leake.org/emacs/ada-mode/emacs-ada-mode.html'. The separate distribution may be more recent. For installing the separate distribution, see the `README' file in the distribution. To see what version of Ada mode you have installed, do `M-x ada-mode-version'. The following files are provided with the Ada mode distribution: * `ada-mode.el': The main file for Ada mode, providing indentation, formatting of parameter lists, moving through code, comment handling and automatic casing. * `ada-prj.el': GUI editing of Ada mode project files, using Emacs widgets. * `ada-stmt.el': Ada statement templates. * `ada-xref.el': GNAT cross-references, completion of identifiers, and compilation. Also provides project files (which are not GNAT-specific).  File: ada-mode, Node: Customization, Next: Compiling Executing, Prev: Installation, Up: Top 3 Customizing Ada mode ********************** Here we assume you are familiar with setting variables in Emacs, either thru 'customize' or in elisp (in your `.emacs' file). For a basic introduction to customize, elisp, and Emacs in general, see the tutorial in *note The GNU Emacs Manual: (emacs)Top. These global Emacs settings are strongly recommended (put them in your .emacs): (global-font-lock-mode t) (transient-mark-mode t) `(global-font-lock-mode t)' turns on syntax highlighting for all buffers (it is off by default because it may be too slow for some machines). `(transient-mark-mode t)' highlights selected text. See the Emacs help for each of these variables for more information. * Menu: * Non-standard file names:: * Other compiler:: * Other customization::  File: ada-mode, Node: Non-standard file names, Next: Other compiler, Prev: Customization, Up: Customization 3.1 Non-standard file names =========================== By default, Ada mode is configured to use the GNAT file naming convention, where file names are a simple modification of the Ada names, and the extension for specs and bodies are `.ads' and `.adb', respectively. Ada mode uses the file extentions to allow moving from a package body to the corresponding spec and back. Ada mode supports a list of alternative file extensions for specs and bodies. For instance, if your spec and bodies files are called `UNIT_s.ada' and `UNIT_b.ada', respectively, you can add the following to your `.emacs' file: (ada-add-extensions "_s.ada" "_b.ada") You can define additional extensions: (ada-add-extensions ".ads" "_b.ada") (ada-add-extensions ".ads" ".body") This means that whenever Ada mode looks for the body for a file whose extension is `.ads', it will take the first available file that ends with either `.adb', `_b.ada' or `.body'. Simililarly, if Ada mode is looking for a spec, it will look for `.ads' or `_s.ada'. If the filename is not derived from the Ada name following the GNAT convention, things are a little more complicated. You then need to rewrite the function `ada-make-filename-from-adaname'. Doing that is beyond the scope of this manual; see the current definitions in `ada-mode.el' and `ada-xref.el' for examples.  File: ada-mode, Node: Other compiler, Next: Other customization, Prev: Non-standard file names, Up: Customization 3.2 Other compiler ================== By default, Ada mode is configured to use the Gnu Ada compiler GNAT. To use a different Ada compiler, you must specify the command lines used to run that compiler, either in lisp variables or in Emacs Ada mode project files. See *note Project file variables:: for the list of project variables, and the corresponding lisp variables.  File: ada-mode, Node: Other customization, Prev: Other compiler, Up: Customization 3.3 Other customization ======================= All user-settable Ada mode variables can be set via the menu `Ada | Customize'. Click on the `Help' button there for help on using customize. To modify a specific variable, you can directly call the function `customize-variable'; just type `M-x customize-variable VARIABLE-NAME '). Alternately, you can specify variable settings in the Emacs configuration file, `.emacs'. This file is coded in Emacs lisp, and the syntax to set a variable is the following: (setq variable-name value)  File: ada-mode, Node: Compiling Executing, Next: Project files, Prev: Customization, Up: Top 4 Compiling Executing ********************* Ada projects can be compiled, linked, and executed using commands on the Ada menu. All of these commands can be customized via a project file (*note Project files::), but the defaults are sufficient for using the GNAT compiler for simple projects (single files, or several files in a single directory). Even when no project file is used, the GUI project editor (menu `Ada | Project | Edit') shows the settings of the various project file variables referenced here. * Menu: * Compile commands:: * Compiler errors::  File: ada-mode, Node: Compile commands, Next: Compiler errors, Prev: Compiling Executing, Up: Compiling Executing 4.1 Compile commands ==================== Here are the commands for building and using an Ada project, as listed in the Ada menu. In multi-file projects, there must be one file that is the main program. That is given by the `main' project file variable; it defaults to the current file if not yet set, but is also set by the "set main and build" command. `Check file' Compiles the current file in syntax check mode, by running `check_cmd' defined in the current project file. This typically runs faster than full compile mode, speeding up finding and fixing compilation errors. This sets `main' only if it has not been set yet. `Compile file' Compiles the current file, by running `comp_cmd' from the current project file. This does not set `main'. `Set main and Build' Sets `main' to the current file, then executes the Build command. `Show main' Display `main' in the message buffer. `Build' Compiles all obsolete units of the current `main', and links `main', by running `make_cmd' from the current project. This sets `main' only if it has not been set yet. `Run' Executes the main program in a shell, displayed in a separate Emacs buffer. This runs `run_cmd' from the current project. The execution buffer allows for interactive input/output. To modify the run command, in particular to provide or change the command line arguments, type `C-u' before invoking the command. This command is not available for a cross-compilation toolchain. It is important when using these commands to understand how `main' is used and changed. Build runs 'gnatmake' on the main unit. During a typical edit/compile session, this is the only command you need to invoke, which is why it is bound to `C-c C-c'. It will compile all files needed by the main unit, and display compilation errors in any of them. Note that Build can be invoked from any Ada buffer; typically you will be fixing errors in files other than the main, but you don't have to switch back to the main to invoke the compiler again. Novices and students typically work on single-file Ada projects. In this case, `C-c C-m' will normally be the only command needed; it will build the current file, rather than the last-built main. There are three ways to change `main': 1. Invoke `Ada | Set main and Build', which sets `main' to the current file. 2. Invoke `Ada | Project | Edit', edit `main' and `main', and click `[save]' 3. Invoke `Ada | Project | Load', and load a project file that specifies `main'  File: ada-mode, Node: Compiler errors, Prev: Compile commands, Up: Compiling Executing 4.2 Compiler errors =================== The `Check file', `Compile file', and `Build' commands all place compilation errors in a separate buffer named `*compilation*'. Each line in this buffer will become active: you can simply click on it with the middle button of the mouse, or move point to it and press . Emacs will then display the relevant source file and put point on the line and column where the error was found. You can also press the `C-x `' key (`next-error'), and Emacs will jump to the first error. If you press that key again, it will move you to the second error, and so on. Some error messages might also include references to other files. These references are also clickable in the same way, or put point after the line number and press .  File: ada-mode, Node: Project files, Next: Compiling Examples, Prev: Compiling Executing, Up: Top 5 Project files *************** An Emacs Ada mode project file specifies what directories hold sources for your project, and allows you to customize the compilation commands and other things on a per-project basis. Note that Ada mode project files `*.adp' are different than GNAT compiler project files `*.gpr'. However, Emacs Ada mode can use a GNAT project file to specify the project directories. If no other customization is needed, a GNAT project file can be used without an Emacs Ada mode project file. * Menu: * Project File Overview:: * GUI Editor:: * Project file variables::  File: ada-mode, Node: Project File Overview, Next: GUI Editor, Prev: Project files, Up: Project files 5.1 Project File Overview ========================= Project files have a simple syntax; they may be edited directly. Each line specifies a project variable name and its value, separated by "=": src_dir=/Projects/my_project/src_1 src_dir=/Projects/my_project/src_2 Some variables (like `src_dir') are lists; multiple occurrences are concatenated. There must be no space between the variable name and "=", and no trailing spaces. Alternately, a GUI editor for project files is available (*note GUI Editor::). It uses Emacs widgets, similar to Emacs customize. The GUI editor also provides a convenient way to view current project settings, if they have been modified using menu commands rather than by editing the project file. After the first Ada mode build command is invoked, there is always a current project file, given by the lisp variable `ada-prj-default-project-file'. Currently, the only way to show the current project file is to invoke the GUI editor. To find the project file the first time, Ada mode uses the following search algorithm: * If `ada-prj-default-project-file' is set, use that. * Otherwise, search for a file in the current directory with the same base name as the Ada file, but extension given by `ada-prj-file-extension' (default `".adp"'). * If not found, search for `*.adp' in the current directory; if several are found, prompt the user to select one. * If none are found, use `default.adp' in the current directory (even if it does not exist). This algorithm always sets `ada-prj-default-project-file', even when the file does not actually exist. To change the project file before or after the first one is found, invoke `Ada | Project | Load ...'. Or, in lisp, evaluate `(ada-set-default-project-file "/path/file.adp")'. This sets `ada-prj-default-project-file', and reads the project file. You can also specify a GNAT project file to `Ada | Project | Load ...' or `ada-set-default-project-file'. Emacs Ada mode checks the file extension; if it is `.gpr', the file is treated as a GNAT project file. Any other extension is treated as an Emacs Ada mode project file.  File: ada-mode, Node: GUI Editor, Next: Project file variables, Prev: Project File Overview, Up: Project files 5.2 GUI Editor ============== The project file editor is invoked with the menu `Ada | Projects | Edit'. Once in the buffer for editing the project file, you can save your modification using the `[save]' button at the bottom of the buffer, or the `C-x C-s' binding. To cancel your modifications, kill the buffer or click on the `[cancel]' button.  File: ada-mode, Node: Project file variables, Prev: GUI Editor, Up: Project files 5.3 Project file variables ========================== The following variables can be defined in a project file; some can also be defined in lisp variables. To set a project variable that is a list, specify each element of the list on a separate line in the project file. Any project variable can be referenced in other project variables, using a shell-like notation. For instance, if the variable `comp_cmd' contains `${comp_opt}', the value of the `comp_opt' variable will be substituted when `comp_cmd' is used. In addition, process environment variables can be referenced using the same syntax, or the normal `$var' syntax. Most project variables have defaults that can be changed by setting lisp variables; the table below identifies the lisp variable for each project variable. Lisp variables corresponding to project variables that are lists are lisp lists. In general, project variables are evaluated when referenced in Emacs Ada mode commands. Relative file paths are expanded to absolute relative to `${build_dir}'. Here is the list of variables. In the default values, the current directory `"."' is the project file directory. `ada_project_path_sep' [default: `":" or ";"'] Path separator for `ADA_PROJECT_PATH'. It defaults to the correct value for a native implementation of GNAT for the current operating system. The user must override this when using Windows native GNAT with Cygwin Emacs, and perhaps in other cases. Lisp variable: `ada-prj-ada-project-path-sep'. `ada_project_path' [default: `""'] A list of directories to search for GNAT project files. If set, the `ADA_PROJECT_PATH' process environment variable is set to this value in the Emacs process when the Emacs Ada mode project is selected via menu `Ada | Project | Load'. For `ada_project_path', relative file paths are expanded to absolute when the Emacs Ada project file is read, rather than when the project file is selected. For example if the project file is in the directory `/home/myproject', the environment variable `GDS_ROOT' is set to `/home/shared', and the project file contains: ada_project_path_sep=: ada_project_path=$GDS_ROOT/makerules ada_project_path=../opentoken the environment variable `ADA_PROJECT_PATH' will be set to `"/home/shared/makerules:/home/opentoken/"'. The default value is not the current value of this environment variable, because that will typically have been set by another project, and will therefore be incorrect for this project. If you have the environment variable set correctly for all of your projects, you do not need to set this project variable. `bind_opt' [default: `""'] Holds user binder options; used in the default build commands. Lisp variable: `ada-prj-default-bind-opt'. `build_dir' [default: `"."'] The compile commands will be issued in this directory. `casing' [default: `("~/.emacs_case_exceptions")' List of files containing casing exceptions. See the help on `ada-case-exception-file' for more info. Lisp variable: `ada-case-exception-file'. `check_cmd' [default: `"${cross_prefix}gnatmake -u -c -gnatc ${gnatmake_opt} ${full_current} -cargs ${comp_opt}"'] Command used to syntax check a single file. The name of the file is substituted for `full_current'. Lisp variable: `ada-prj-default-check-cmd' `comp_cmd' [default: `"${cross_prefix}gnatmake -u -c ${gnatmake_opt} ${full_current} -cargs ${comp_opt}"'] Command used to compile a single file. The name of the file is substituted for `full_current'. Lisp variable: `ada-prj-default-comp-cmd'. `comp_opt' [default: `"-gnatq -gnatQ"'] Holds user compiler options; used in the default compile commands. The default value tells gnatmake to generate library files for cross-referencing even when there are errors. If source code for the project is in multiple directories, the appropriate compiler options must be added here. *note Set source search path:: for examples of this. Alternately, GNAT project files may be used; *note Use GNAT project file::. Lisp variable: `ada-prj-default-comp-opt'. `cross_prefix' [default: `""'] Name of target machine in a cross-compilation environment. Used in default compile and build commands. `debug_cmd' [default: `"${cross_prefix}gdb ${main}"'] Command used to debug the application Lisp variable: `ada-prj-default-debugger'. `debug_post_cmd' [default: `""'] Command executed after `debug_cmd'. `debug_pre_cmd' [default: `"cd ${build_dir}"'] Command executed before `debug_cmd'. `gnatfind_opt' [default: `"-rf"'] Holds user gnatfind options; used in the default find commands. Lisp variable: `ada-prj-gnatfind-switches'. `gnatmake_opt' [default: `"-g"'] Holds user gnatmake options; used in the default build commands. Lisp variable: `ada-prj-default-gnatmake-opt'. `gpr_file' [default: `""'] Specify GNAT project file. If set, the source and object directories specified in the GNAT project file are appended to `src_dir' and `obj_dir'. This allows specifying Ada source directories with a GNAT project file, and other source directories with the Emacs project file. In addition, `-P{gpr_file}' is added to the project variable `gnatmake_opt' whenever it is referenced. With the default project variables, this passes the project file to all gnatmake commands. Lisp variable: `ada-prj-default-gpr-file'. `link_opt' [default: `""'] Holds user linker options; used in the default build commands. Lisp variable: `ada-prj-default-link-opt'. `main' [default: current file] Specifies the name of the executable file for the project; used in the default build commands. `make_cmd' [default: `"${cross_prefix}gnatmake -o ${main} ${main} ${gnatmake_opt} -cargs ${comp_opt} -bargs ${bind_opt} -largs ${link_opt}"'] Command used to build the application. Lisp variable: `ada-prj-default-make-cmd'. `obj_dir' [default: `"."'] A list of directories to search for library files. Ada mode searches this list for the `.ali' files generated by GNAT that contain cross-reference information. The compiler commands must place the `.ali' files in one of these directories; the default commands do that. `remote_machine' [default: `""'] Name of the machine to log into before issuing the compile and build commands. If this variable is empty, the command will be run on the local machine. `run_cmd' [default: `"./${main}"'] Command used to run the application. `src_dir' [default: `"."'] A list of directories to search for source files, both for compile commands and source navigation.  File: ada-mode, Node: Compiling Examples, Next: Moving Through Ada Code, Prev: Project files, Up: Top 6 Compiling Examples ******************** We present several small projects, and walk thru the process of compiling, linking, and running them. The first example illustrates more Ada mode features than the others; you should work thru that example before doing the others. All of these examples assume you are using GNAT. The source for these examples is available on the Emacs Ada mode website mentioned in *Note Installation::. * Menu: * No project files:: Just menus * Set compiler options:: A basic Ada mode project file * Set source search path:: Source in multiple directories * Use GNAT project file:: * Use multiple GNAT project files::  File: ada-mode, Node: No project files, Next: Set compiler options, Prev: Compiling Examples, Up: Compiling Examples 6.1 No project files ==================== This example uses no project files. First, create a directory `Example_1', containing: `hello.adb': with Ada.Text_IO; procedure Hello is begin Put_Line("Hello from hello.adb"); end Hello; Yes, this is missing "use Ada.Text_IO;" - we want to demonstrate compiler error handling. `hello_2.adb': with Hello_Pkg; procedure Hello_2 is begin Hello_Pkg.Say_Hello; end Hello_2; This file has no errors. `hello_pkg.ads': package Hello_Pkg is procedure Say_Hello; end Hello_Pkg; This file has no errors. `hello_pkg.adb': with Ada.Text_IO; package Hello_Pkg is procedure Say_Hello is begin Ada.Text_IO.Put_Line ("Hello from hello_pkg.adb"); end Say_Hello; end Hello_Pkg; Yes, this is missing the keyword `body'; another compiler error example. In buffer `hello.adb', invoke `Ada | Check file'. You should get a `*compilation*' buffer containing something like (the directory paths will be different): cd c:/Examples/Example_1/ gnatmake -u -c -gnatc -g c:/Examples/Example_1/hello.adb -cargs -gnatq -gnatQ gcc -c -Ic:/Examples/Example_1/ -gnatc -g -gnatq -gnatQ -I- c:/Examples/Example_1/hello.adb hello.adb:4:04: "Put_Line" is not visible hello.adb:4:04: non-visible declaration at a-textio.ads:264 hello.adb:4:04: non-visible declaration at a-textio.ads:260 gnatmake: "c:/Examples/Example_1/hello.adb" compilation error If you have enabled font-lock, the lines with actual errors (starting with `hello.adb') are highlighted, with the file name in red. Now type `C-x `' (on a PC keyboard, <`> is next to <1>). Or you can click the middle mouse button on the first error line. The compilation buffer scrolls to put the first error on the top line, and point is put at the place of the error in the `hello.adb' buffer. To fix the error, change the line to be Ada.Text_IO.Put_Line ("hello from hello.adb"); Now invoke `Ada | Show main'; this displays `Ada mode main: hello'. Now (in buffer `hello.adb'), invoke `Ada | Build'. You are prompted to save the file (if you haven't already). Then the compilation buffer is displayed again, containing: cd c:/Examples/Example_1/ gnatmake -o hello hello -g -cargs -gnatq -gnatQ -bargs -largs gcc -c -g -gnatq -gnatQ hello.adb gnatbind -x hello.ali gnatlink hello.ali -o hello.exe -g The compilation has succeeded without errors; `hello.exe' now exists in the same directory as `hello.adb'. Now invoke `Ada | Run'. A `*run*' buffer is displayed, containing Hello from hello.adb Process run finished That completes the first part of this example. Now we will compile a multi-file project. Open the file `hello_2.adb', and invoke `Ada | Set main and Build'. This finds an error in `hello_pkg.adb': cd c:/Examples/Example_1/ gnatmake -o hello_2 hello_2 -g -cargs -gnatq -gnatQ -bargs -largs gcc -c -g -gnatq -gnatQ hello_pkg.adb hello_pkg.adb:2:08: keyword "body" expected here [see file name] gnatmake: "hello_pkg.adb" compilation error This demonstrates that gnatmake finds the files needed by the main program. However, it cannot find files in a different directory, unless you use an Emacs Ada mode project file to specify the other directories; *Note Set source search path::, or a GNAT project file; *note Use GNAT project file::. Invoke `Ada | Show main'; this displays `Ada mode main: hello_2'. Move to the error with `C-x `', and fix the error by adding `body': package body Hello_Pkg is Now, while still in `hello_pkg.adb', invoke `Ada | Build'. gnatmake successfully builds `hello_2'. This demonstrates that Emacs has remembered the main file, in the project variable `main', and used it for the Build command. Finally, again while in `hello_pkg.adb', invoke `Ada | Run'. The `*run*' buffer displays `Hello from hello_pkg.adb'. One final point. If you switch back to buffer `hello.adb', and invoke `Ada | Run', `hello_2.exe' will be run. That is because `main' is still set to `hello_2', as you can see when you invoke `Ada | Project | Edit'. There are three ways to change `main': 1. Invoke `Ada | Set main and Build', which sets `main' to the current file. 2. Invoke `Ada | Project | Edit', edit `main', and click `[save]' 3. Invoke `Ada | Project | Load', and load a project file that specifies `main'  File: ada-mode, Node: Set compiler options, Next: Set source search path, Prev: No project files, Up: Compiling Examples 6.2 Set compiler options ======================== This example illustrates using an Emacs Ada mode project file to set a compiler option. If you have files from `Example_1' open in Emacs, you should close them so you don't get confused. Use menu `File | Close (current buffer)'. In directory `Example_2', create these files: `hello.adb': with Ada.Text_IO; procedure Hello is begin Put_Line("Hello from hello.adb"); end Hello; This is the same as `hello.adb' from `Example_1'. It has two errors; missing "use Ada.Text_IO;", and no space between `Put_Line' and its argument list. `hello.adp': comp_opt=-gnatyt This tells the GNAT compiler to check for token spacing; in particular, there must be a space preceding a parenthesis. In buffer `hello.adb', invoke `Ada | Project | Load...', and select `Example_2/hello.adp'. Then, again in buffer `hello.adb', invoke `Ada | Set main and Build'. You should get a `*compilation*' buffer containing something like (the directory paths will be different): cd c:/Examples/Example_2/ gnatmake -o hello hello -g -cargs -gnatyt -bargs -largs gcc -c -g -gnatyt hello.adb hello.adb:4:04: "Put_Line" is not visible hello.adb:4:04: non-visible declaration at a-textio.ads:264 hello.adb:4:04: non-visible declaration at a-textio.ads:260 hello.adb:4:12: (style) space required gnatmake: "hello.adb" compilation error Compare this to the compiler output in *note No project files::; the gnatmake option `-cargs -gnatq -gnatQ' has been replaced by `-cargs -gnaty', and an additional error is reported in `hello.adb' on line 4. This shows that `hello.adp' is being used to set the compiler options. Fixing the error, linking and running the code proceed as in *note No project files::.  File: ada-mode, Node: Set source search path, Next: Use GNAT project file, Prev: Set compiler options, Up: Compiling Examples 6.3 Set source search path ========================== In this example, we show how to deal with files in more than one directory. We start with the same code as in *note No project files::; create those files (with the errors present) Create the directory `Example_3', containing: `hello_pkg.ads': package Hello_Pkg is procedure Say_Hello; end Hello_Pkg; `hello_pkg.adb': with Ada.Text_IO; package Hello_Pkg is procedure Say_Hello is begin Ada.Text_IO.Put_Line ("Hello from hello_pkg.adb"); end Say_Hello; end Hello_Pkg; These are the same files from example 1; `hello_pkg.adb' has an error on line 2. In addition, create a directory `Example_3/Other', containing these files: `Other/hello_3.adb': with Hello_Pkg; with Ada.Text_IO; use Ada.Text_IO; procedure Hello_3 is begin Hello_Pkg.Say_Hello; Put_Line ("From hello_3"); end Hello_3; There are no errors in this file. `Other/other.adp': src_dir=.. comp_opt=-I.. Note that there must be no trailing spaces. In buffer `hello_3.adb', invoke `Ada | Project | Load...', and select `Example_3/Other/other.adp'. Then, again in `hello_3.adb', invoke `Ada | Set main and Build'. You should get a `*compilation*' buffer containing something like (the directory paths will be different): cd c:/Examples/Example_3/Other/ gnatmake -o hello_3 hello_3 -g -cargs -I.. -bargs -largs gcc -c -g -I.. hello_3.adb gcc -c -I./ -g -I.. -I- C:\Examples\Example_3\hello_pkg.adb hello_pkg.adb:2:08: keyword "body" expected here [see file name] gnatmake: "C:\Examples\Example_3\hello_pkg.adb" compilation error Compare the `-cargs' option to the compiler output in *note Set compiler options::; this shows that `other.adp' is being used to set the compiler options. Move to the error with `C-x `'. Ada mode searches the list of directories given by `src_dir' for the file mentioned in the compiler error message. Fixing the error, linking and running the code proceed as in *note No project files::.  File: ada-mode, Node: Use GNAT project file, Next: Use multiple GNAT project files, Prev: Set source search path, Up: Compiling Examples 6.4 Use GNAT project file ========================= In this example, we show how to use a GNAT project file, with no Ada mode project file. Create the directory `Example_4', containing: `hello_pkg.ads': package Hello_Pkg is procedure Say_Hello; end Hello_Pkg; `hello_pkg.adb': with Ada.Text_IO; package Hello_Pkg is procedure Say_Hello is begin Ada.Text_IO.Put_Line ("Hello from hello_pkg.adb"); end Say_Hello; end Hello_Pkg; These are the same files from example 1; `hello_pkg.adb' has an error on line 2. In addition, create a directory `Example_4/Gnat_Project', containing these files: `Gnat_Project/hello_4.adb': with Hello_Pkg; with Ada.Text_IO; use Ada.Text_IO; procedure Hello_4 is begin Hello_Pkg.Say_Hello; Put_Line ("From hello_4"); end Hello_4; There are no errors in this file. `Gnat_Project/hello_4.gpr': Project Hello_4 is for Source_Dirs use (".", ".."); end Hello_4; In buffer `hello_4.adb', invoke `Ada | Project | Load...', and select `Example_4/Gnat_Project/hello_4.gpr'. Then, again in `hello_4.adb', invoke `Ada | Set main and Build'. You should get a `*compilation*' buffer containing something like (the directory paths will be different): cd c:/Examples/Example_4/Gnat_Project/ gnatmake -o hello_4 hello_4 -Phello_4.gpr -cargs -gnatq -gnatQ -bargs -largs gcc -c -g -gnatyt -gnatq -gnatQ -I- -gnatA c:\Examples\Example_4\Gnat_Project\hello_4.adb gcc -c -g -gnatyt -gnatq -gnatQ -I- -gnatA c:\Examples\Example_4\hello_pkg.adb hello_pkg.adb:2:08: keyword "body" expected here [see file name] gnatmake: "c:\examples\example_4\hello_pkg.adb" compilation error Compare the `gcc' options to the compiler output in *note Set compiler options::; this shows that `hello_4.gpr' is being used to set the compiler options. Fixing the error, linking and running the code proceed as in *note No project files::.  File: ada-mode, Node: Use multiple GNAT project files, Prev: Use GNAT project file, Up: Compiling Examples 6.5 Use multiple GNAT project files =================================== In this example, we show how to use multiple GNAT project files, specifying the GNAT project search path in an Ada mode project file. Create the directory `Example_4' as specified in *note Use GNAT project file::. Create the directory `Example_5', containing: `hello_5.adb': with Hello_Pkg; with Ada.Text_IO; use Ada.Text_IO; procedure Hello_5 is begin Hello_Pkg.Say_Hello; Put_Line ("From hello_5"); end Hello_5; There are no errors in this file. `hello_5.adp': ada_project_path=../Example_4/Gnat_Project gpr_file=hello_5.gpr `hello_5.gpr': with "hello_4"; Project Hello_5 is for Source_Dirs use ("."); package Compiler is for Default_Switches ("Ada") use ("-g", "-gnatyt"); end Compiler; end Hello_5; In buffer `hello_5.adb', invoke `Ada | Project | Load...', and select `Example_5/hello_5.adp'. Then, again in `hello_5.adb', invoke `Ada | Set main and Build'. You should get a `*compilation*' buffer containing something like (the directory paths will be different): cd c:/Examples/Example_5/ gnatmake -o hello_5 hello_5 -Phello_5.gpr -g -cargs -gnatq -gnatQ -bargs -largs gcc -c -g -gnatyt -g -gnatq -gnatQ -I- -gnatA c:\Examples\Example_5\hello_5.adb gcc -c -g -gnatyt -g -gnatq -gnatQ -I- -gnatA c:\Examples\Example_4\hello_pkg.adb hello_pkg.adb:2:08: keyword "body" expected here [see file name] gnatmake: "c:\examples\example_4\hello_pkg.adb" compilation error Now type `C-x `'. `Example_4/hello_pkg.adb' is shown, demonstrating that `hello_5.gpr' and `hello_4.gpr' are being used to set the compilation search path.  File: ada-mode, Node: Moving Through Ada Code, Next: Identifier completion, Prev: Compiling Examples, Up: Top 7 Moving Through Ada Code ************************* There are several easy to use commands to navigate through Ada code. All these functions are available through the Ada menu, and you can also use the following key bindings or the command names. Some of these menu entries are available only if the GNAT compiler is used, since the implementation relies on the GNAT cross-referencing information. `M-C-e' Move to the next function/procedure/task, which ever comes next (`ada-next-procedure'). `M-C-a' Move to previous function/procedure/task (`ada-previous-procedure'). `M-x ada-next-package' Move to next package. `M-x ada-previous-package' Move to previous package. `C-c C-a' Move to matching start of `end' (`ada-move-to-start'). If point is at the end of a subprogram, this command jumps to the corresponding `begin' if the user option `ada-move-to-declaration' is `nil' (default), otherwise it jumps to the subprogram declaration. `C-c C-e' Move point to end of current block (`ada-move-to-end'). `C-c o' Switch between corresponding spec and body file (`ff-find-other-file'). If point is in a subprogram, position point on the corresponding declaration or body in the other file. `C-c c-d' Move from any reference to its declaration, for from a declaration to its body (for procedures, tasks, private and incomplete types). `C-c C-r' Runs the `gnatfind' command to search for all references to the identifier surrounding point (`ada-find-references'). Use `C-x `' (`next-error') to visit each reference (as for compilation errors). If the `ada-xref-create-ali' variable is non-`nil', Emacs will try to run GNAT for you whenever cross-reference information is needed, and is older than the current source file.  File: ada-mode, Node: Identifier completion, Next: Automatic Smart Indentation, Prev: Moving Through Ada Code, Up: Top 8 Identifier completion *********************** Emacs and Ada mode provide two general ways for the completion of identifiers. This is an easy way to type faster: you just have to type the first few letters of an identifiers, and then loop through all the possible completions. The first method is general for Emacs. It works by parsing all open files for possible completions. For instance, if the words `my_identifier', `my_subprogram' are the only words starting with `my' in any of the opened files, then you will have this scenario: You type: myM-/ Emacs inserts: `my_identifier' If you press M-/ once again, Emacs replaces `my_identifier' with `my_subprogram'. Pressing M-/ once more will bring you back to `my_identifier'. This is a very fast way to do completion, and the casing of words will also be respected. The second method (`C-') is specific to Ada mode and the GNAT compiler. Emacs will search the cross-information for possible completions. The main advantage is that this completion is more accurate: only existing identifier will be suggested. On the other hand, this completion is a little bit slower and requires that you have compiled your file at least once since you created that identifier. `C-' Complete current identifier using cross-reference information. `M-/' Complete identifier using buffer information (not Ada-specific).  File: ada-mode, Node: Automatic Smart Indentation, Next: Formatting Parameter Lists, Prev: Identifier completion, Up: Top 9 Automatic Smart Indentation ***************************** Ada mode comes with a full set of rules for automatic indentation. You can also configure the indentation, via the following variables: `ada-broken-indent' (default value: 2) Number of columns to indent the continuation of a broken line. `ada-indent' (default value: 3) Number of columns for default indentation. `ada-indent-record-rel-type' (default value: 3) Indentation for `record' relative to `type' or `use'. `ada-indent-return' (default value: 0) Indentation for `return' relative to `function' (if `ada-indent-return' is greater than 0), or the open parenthesis (if `ada-indent-return' is negative or 0). Note that in the second case, when there is no open parenthesis, the indentation is done relative to `function' with the value of `ada-broken-indent'. `ada-label-indent' (default value: -4) Number of columns to indent a label. `ada-stmt-end-indent' (default value: 0) Number of columns to indent a statement `end' keyword on a separate line. `ada-when-indent' (default value: 3) Indentation for `when' relative to `exception' or `case'. `ada-indent-is-separate' (default value: t) Non-`nil' means indent `is separate' or `is abstract' if on a single line. `ada-indent-to-open-paren' (default value: t) Non-`nil' means indent according to the innermost open parenthesis. `ada-indent-after-return' (default value: t) Non-`nil' means that the current line will also be re-indented before inserting a newline, when you press . Most of the time, the indentation will be automatic, i.e when you press , the cursor will move to the correct column on the next line. You can also indent single lines, or the current region, with . Another mode of indentation exists that helps you to set up your indentation scheme. If you press `C-c ', Ada mode will do the following: * Reindent the current line, as would do. * Temporarily move the cursor to a reference line, i.e., the line that was used to calculate the current indentation. * Display in the message window the name of the variable that provided the offset for the indentation. The exact indentation of the current line is the same as the one for the reference line, plus an offset given by the variable. `' Indent the current line or the current region. `C-M-\' Indent lines in the current region. `C-c ' Indent the current line and display the name of the variable used for indentation.  File: ada-mode, Node: Formatting Parameter Lists, Next: Automatic Casing, Prev: Automatic Smart Indentation, Up: Top 10 Formatting Parameter Lists ***************************** `C-c C-f' Format the parameter list (`ada-format-paramlist'). This aligns the declarations on the colon (`:') separating argument names and argument types, and aligns the `in', `out' and `in out' keywords.  File: ada-mode, Node: Automatic Casing, Next: Statement Templates, Prev: Formatting Parameter Lists, Up: Top 11 Automatic Casing ******************* Casing of identifiers, attributes and keywords is automatically performed while typing when the variable `ada-auto-case' is set. Every time you press a word separator, the previous word is automatically cased. You can customize the automatic casing differently for keywords, attributes and identifiers. The relevant variables are the following: `ada-case-keyword', `ada-case-attribute' and `ada-case-identifier'. All these variables can have one of the following values: `downcase-word' The word will be lowercase. For instance `My_vARIable' is converted to `my_variable'. `upcase-word' The word will be uppercase. For instance `My_vARIable' is converted to `MY_VARIABLE'. `ada-capitalize-word' The first letter and each letter following an underscore (`_') are uppercase, others are lowercase. For instance `My_vARIable' is converted to `My_Variable'. `ada-loose-case-word' Characters after an underscore `_' character are uppercase, others are not modified. For instance `My_vARIable' is converted to `My_VARIable'. Ada mode allows you to define exceptions to these rules, in a file specified by the variable `ada-case-exception-file' (default `~/.emacs_case_exceptions'). Each line in this file specifies the casing of one word or word fragment. Comments may be included, separated from the word by a space. If the word starts with an asterisk (<*>), it defines the casing af a word fragemnt (or "substring"); part of a word between two underscores or word boundary. For example: DOD Department of Defense *IO GNAT The GNAT compiler from Ada Core Technologies The word fragment `*IO' applies to any word containing "_io"; `Text_IO', `Hardware_IO', etc. There are two ways to add new items to this file: you can simply edit it as you would edit any text file. Or you can position point on the word you want to add, and select menu `Ada | Edit | Create Case Exception', or press `C-c C-y' (`ada-create-case-exception'). The word will automatically be added to the current list of exceptions and to the file. To define a word fragment case exception, select the word fragment, then select menu `Ada | Edit | Create Case Exception Substring'. It is sometimes useful to have multiple exception files around (for instance, one could be the standard Ada acronyms, the second some company specific exceptions, and the last one some project specific exceptions). If you set up the variable `ada-case-exception-file' as a list of files, each of them will be parsed and used in your emacs session. However, when you save a new exception through the menu, as described above, the new exception will be added to the first file in the list. `C-c C-b' Adjust case in the whole buffer (`ada-adjust-case-buffer'). `C-c C-y' Create a new entry in the exception dictionary, with the word under the cursor (`ada-create-case-exception') `C-c C-t' Rereads the exception dictionary from the file `ada-case-exception-file' (`ada-case-read-exceptions').  File: ada-mode, Node: Statement Templates, Next: Comment Handling, Prev: Automatic Casing, Up: Top 12 Statement Templates ********************** Templates are defined for most Ada statements, using the Emacs "skeleton" package. They can be inserted in the buffer using the following commands: `C-c t b' exception Block (`ada-exception-block'). `C-c t c' case (`ada-case'). `C-c t d' declare Block (`ada-declare-block'). `C-c t e' else (`ada-else'). `C-c t f' for Loop (`ada-for-loop'). `C-c t h' Header (`ada-header'). `C-c t i' if (`ada-if'). `C-c t k' package Body (`ada-package-body'). `C-c t l' loop (`ada-loop'). `C-c p' subprogram body (`ada-subprogram-body'). `C-c t t' task Body (`ada-task-body'). `C-c t w' while Loop (`ada-while'). `C-c t u' use (`ada-use'). `C-c t x' exit (`ada-exit'). `C-c t C-a' array (`ada-array'). `C-c t C-e' elsif (`ada-elsif'). `C-c t C-f' function Spec (`ada-function-spec'). `C-c t C-k' package Spec (`ada-package-spec'). `C-c t C-p' procedure Spec (`ada-package-spec'. `C-c t C-r' record (`ada-record'). `C-c t C-s' subtype (`ada-subtype'). `C-c t C-t' task Spec (`ada-task-spec'). `C-c t C-u' with (`ada-with'). `C-c t C-v' private (`ada-private'). `C-c t C-w' when (`ada-when'). `C-c t C-x' exception (`ada-exception'). `C-c t C-y' type (`ada-type').  File: ada-mode, Node: Comment Handling, Next: GNU Free Documentation License, Prev: Statement Templates, Up: Top 13 Comment Handling ******************* By default, comment lines get indented like Ada code. There are a few additional functions to handle comments: `M-;' Start a comment in default column. `M-j' Continue comment on next line. `C-c ;' Comment the selected region (add - at the beginning of lines). `C-c :' Uncomment the selected region `M-q' autofill the current comment.  File: ada-mode, Node: GNU Free Documentation License, Next: Index, Prev: Comment Handling, Up: Top Appendix A GNU Free Documentation License ***************************************** Version 1.3, 3 November 2008 Copyright (C) 2000, 2001, 2002, 2007, 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc. `http://fsf.org/' Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. 0. PREAMBLE The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other functional and useful document "free" in the sense of freedom: to assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially. Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible for modifications made by others. This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft license designed for free software. We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free software, because free software needs free documentation: a free program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the software does. 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The operator of an MMC Site may republish an MMC contained in the site under CC-BY-SA on the same site at any time before August 1, 2009, provided the MMC is eligible for relicensing. ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents ==================================================== To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of the License in the document and put the following copyright and license notices just after the title page: Copyright (C) YEAR YOUR NAME. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU Free Documentation License''. If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts, replace the "with...Texts." line with this: with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST. If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the situation. If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of free software license, such as the GNU General Public License, to permit their use in free software.  File: ada-mode, Node: Index, Prev: GNU Free Documentation License, Up: Top Index ***** [index] * Menu: * ada-adjust-case-buffer: Automatic Casing. (line 74) * ada-array: Statement Templates. (line 53) * ada-case: Statement Templates. (line 14) * ada-case-read-exceptions: Automatic Casing. (line 81) * ada-complete-identifier: Identifier completion. (line 39) * ada-create-case-exception: Automatic Casing. (line 54) * ada-declare-block: Statement Templates. (line 17) * ada-else: Statement Templates. (line 20) * ada-elsif: Statement Templates. (line 56) * ada-exception: Statement Templates. (line 86) * ada-exception-block: Statement Templates. (line 11) * ada-exit: Statement Templates. (line 50) * ada-find-references: Moving Through Ada Code. (line 46) * ada-for-loop: Statement Templates. (line 23) * ada-format-paramlist: Formatting Parameter Lists. (line 7) * ada-function-spec: Statement Templates. (line 59) * ada-goto-declaration: Moving Through Ada Code. (line 42) * ada-header: Statement Templates. (line 26) * ada-if: Statement Templates. (line 29) * ada-loop: Statement Templates. (line 35) * ada-move-to-end: Moving Through Ada Code. (line 34) * ada-move-to-start: Moving Through Ada Code. (line 27) * ada-next-package: Moving Through Ada Code. (line 21) * ada-next-procedure: Moving Through Ada Code. (line 13) * ada-package-body: Statement Templates. (line 32) * ada-package-spec: Statement Templates. (line 62) * ada-previous-package: Moving Through Ada Code. (line 24) * ada-previous-procedure: Moving Through Ada Code. (line 17) * ada-private: Statement Templates. (line 80) * ada-procedure-spec: Statement Templates. (line 65) * ada-record: Statement Templates. (line 68) * ada-subprogram-body: Statement Templates. (line 38) * ada-subtype: Statement Templates. (line 71) * ada-task-body: Statement Templates. (line 41) * ada-task-spec: Statement Templates. (line 74) * ada-type: Statement Templates. (line 89) * ada-use: Statement Templates. (line 47) * ada-when: Statement Templates. (line 83) * ada-while: Statement Templates. (line 44) * ada-with: Statement Templates. (line 77)  Tag Table: Node: Top990 Node: Overview2797 Node: Installation4100 Node: Customization5223 Node: Non-standard file names6125 Node: Other compiler7617 Node: Other customization8115 Node: Compiling Executing8763 Node: Compile commands9429 Node: Compiler errors12161 Node: Project files13035 Node: Project File Overview13733 Node: GUI Editor16030 Node: Project file variables16500 Node: Compiling Examples23573 Node: No project files24366 Node: Set compiler options29047 Node: Set source search path31007 Node: Use GNAT project file33279 Node: Use multiple GNAT project files35457 Node: Moving Through Ada Code37341 Node: Identifier completion39292 Node: Automatic Smart Indentation40849 Node: Formatting Parameter Lists43661 Node: Automatic Casing44062 Node: Statement Templates47301 Node: Comment Handling48764 Node: GNU Free Documentation License49290 Node: Index74463  End Tag Table