This is ../../info/semantic, produced by makeinfo version 4.11 from semantic.texi. This manual documents the Semantic library and utilities. Copyright (C) 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2007, 2009, 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with the Front-Cover texts being "A GNU Manual," and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a) below. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License." (a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: "You have the freedom to copy and modify this GNU manual. Buying copies from the FSF supports it in developing GNU and promoting software freedom." INFO-DIR-SECTION Emacs START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY * Semantic: (semantic). Source code parser library and utilities. END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY  File: semantic, Node: Top, Next: Introduction, Up: (dir) Semantic Manual *************** Semantic is a suite of Emacs libraries and utilities for parsing source code. At its core is a lexical analyzer and two parser generators (`bovinator' and `wisent') written in Emacs Lisp. Semantic provides a variety of tools for making use of the parser output, including user commands for code navigation and completion, as well as enhancements for imenu, speedbar, whichfunc, eldoc, hippie-expand, and several other parts of Emacs. To send bug reports, or participate in discussions about semantic, use the mailing list cedet-semantic@sourceforge.net via the URL: `http://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/cedet-semantic' This manual documents the Semantic library and utilities. Copyright (C) 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2007, 2009, 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with the Front-Cover texts being "A GNU Manual," and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a) below. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License." (a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: "You have the freedom to copy and modify this GNU manual. Buying copies from the FSF supports it in developing GNU and promoting software freedom." * Menu: * Introduction:: * Using Semantic:: * Semantic Internals:: * Glossary:: * GNU Free Documentation License:: * Index::  File: semantic, Node: Introduction, Next: Using Semantic, Prev: Top, Up: Top 1 Introduction ************** This chapter gives an overview of Semantic and its goals. Ordinarily, Emacs uses regular expressions (and syntax tables) to analyze source code for purposes such as syntax highlighting. This approach, though simple and efficient, has its limitations: roughly speaking, it only "guesses" the meaning of each piece of source code in the context of the programming language, instead of rigorously "understanding" it. Semantic provides a new infrastructure to analyze source code using "parsers" instead of regular expressions. It contains two built-in parser generators (an LL generator named `Bovine' and an LALR generator named `Wisent', both written in Emacs Lisp), and parsers for several common programming languages. It can also make use of "external parsers"--programs such as GNU Global and GNU IDUtils. Semantic provides a uniform, language-independent API for accessing the parser output. This output can be used by other Emacs Lisp programs to implement "syntax-aware" behavior. Semantic itself includes several such utilities, including user-level Emacs commands for navigating, searching, and completing source code. The following diagram illustrates the structure of the Semantic package: *Please Note:* The words in all-capital are those that Semantic itself provides. Others are current or future languages or applications that are not distributed along with Semantic. Applications and Utilities ------- / \ +---------------+ +--------+ +--------+ C --->| C PARSER |--->| | | | +---------------+ | | | | +---------------+ | COMMON | | COMMON |<--- SPEEDBAR Java --->| JAVA PARSER |--->| PARSE | | | +---------------+ | TREE | | PARSE |<--- SEMANTICDB +---------------+ | FORMAT | | API | Scheme --->| SCHEME PARSER |--->| | | |<--- ecb +---------------+ | | | | +---------------+ | | | | Texinfo --->| TEXI. PARSER |--->| | | | +---------------+ | | | | ... ... ... ... +---------------+ | | | | Lang. Y --->| Y Parser |--->| | | |<--- app. ? +---------------+ | | | | +---------------+ | | | |<--- app. ? Lang. Z --->| Z Parser |--->| | | | +---------------+ +--------+ +--------+ * Menu: * Semantic Components::  File: semantic, Node: Semantic Components, Up: Introduction 1.1 Semantic Components ======================= In this section, we provide a more detailed description of the major components of Semantic, and how they interact with one another. The first step in parsing a source code file is to break it up into its fundamental components. This step is called lexical analysis: syntax table, keywords list, and options | | v input file ----> Lexer ----> token stream The output of the lexical analyzer is a list of tokens that make up the file. The next step is the actual parsing, shown below: parser tables | v token stream ---> Parser ----> parse tree The end result, the parse tree, is Semantic's internal representation of the language grammar. Semantic provides an API for Emacs Lisp programs to access the parse tree. Parsing large files can take several seconds or more. By default, Semantic automatically caches parse trees by saving them in your `.emacs.d' directory. When you revisit a previously-parsed file, the parse tree is automatically reloaded from this cache, to save time. *Note SemanticDB::.  File: semantic, Node: Using Semantic, Next: Semantic Internals, Prev: Introduction, Up: Top 2 Using Semantic **************** You can begin using Semantic by enabling Semantic mode, a global minor mode: type `M-x semantic-mode', or open the `Tools' menu and click on the menu item named `Source Code Parsers (Semantic)'. *Note Semantic mode::. When Semantic mode is turned on, Emacs automatically parses each file you visit. You can then use Semantic user commands in those buffers (*note Semantic mode user commands::). You can also choose to enable a number of "helper" minor modes for saving tags, displaying tag information, and so forth. To enable Semantic mode each time you start Emacs, add the line `(semantic-mode 1)' to your initialization file. *Note Init File: (emacs)Init File. * Menu: * Semantic mode:: Global minor mode for Semantic. * SemanticDB:: Caching parsed buffers between sessions. * Idle Scheduler:: Semantic actions that occur when idle. * Analyzer:: Semantic tools for analyzing code. * Speedbar:: Using Semantic with the Speedbar. * SymRef:: Interface to symbol reference tools. * MRU Bookmarks:: Managing tag ``bookmarks''. * Sticky Func Mode:: Showing declarations in the header line. * Highlight Func Mode:: Highlight the current function declaration. * Tag Decoration Mode:: Minor mode to decorate tags.  File: semantic, Node: Semantic mode, Next: SemanticDB, Up: Using Semantic 2.1 Semantic mode ================= Semantic mode is a global minor mode for Semantic as a whole. When enabled, each file you visit is automatically parsed, provided its major mode is specified in the variable `semantic-new-buffer-setup-functions' (the default value of this variable sets up parsing for all the parsers included with Emacs, but you may add to it if you install additional parsers). In each parser-enabled buffer, a number of Semantic commands are available for navigating, querying, and editing source code. *Note Semantic mode user commands::. Enabling Semantic mode also installs a `Development' menu on the menu-bar, with many of these commands. In addition, enabling Semantic mode turns on certain auxiliary global minor modes. The variable `semantic-default-submodes' determines which auxiliary modes are enabled; the defaults are SemanticDB mode (*note SemanticDB::) and Global Semantic Idle Scheduler mode (*note Idle Scheduler::). You can also toggle the auxiliary minor modes separately, using their mode functions (e.g. `M-x semanticdb-minor-mode'), or via the `Development' menu. The various auxiliary minor modes are described in the following sections. -- Variable: semantic-new-buffer-setup-functions The value of this variable is an alist of functions to call for setting up Semantic parsing in the buffer. Each element has the form `(MODE . FN)', where MODE is a value of `major-mode' for the buffer and FN is the corresponding function for setting up the parser. FN is called, with no arguments, after the major mode is initialized (and after the mode hooks have been run). The default value enables Semantic for all supported major modes (i.e., C, C++, Scheme, Javascript, Java, HTML, SRecode, and Make), but you can remove modes from this list if you don't want to use Semantic with them. -- Variable: semantic-default-submodes The value of this variable is a list of symbols, specifying the auxiliary minor modes to enable when enabling Semantic mode. The valid mode symbols are: * `global-semantic-idle-scheduler-mode' (*note Idle Scheduler::). * `global-semanticdb-minor-mode' (*note SemanticDB::). * `global-semantic-idle-summary-mode' (*note Idle Summary Mode::). * `global-semantic-idle-completions-mode' (*note Idle Completions Mode::). * `global-semantic-highlight-func-mode' (*note Highlight Func Mode::). * `global-semantic-decoration-mode' (*note Tag Decoration Mode::). * `global-semantic-stickyfunc-mode' (*note Sticky Func Mode::). * `global-semantic-mru-bookmark-mode' (*note MRU Bookmarks::). * Menu: * Semantic mode user commands::  File: semantic, Node: Semantic mode user commands, Up: Semantic mode 2.1.1 Semantic mode user commands --------------------------------- Semantic mode provides a number of commands for navigating, querying, and editing source code in a language-aware manner. These commands generally act on "tags", which are the source-code units deemed "important" by the present programming language (e.g. functions in the C programming language). These commands may be used in any buffer that has been parsed by Semantic. Several of them prompt for a tag name using the minibuffer; here, the `TAB' key can be used to complete tag names. Others act on the "current tag", meaning the tag at (or around) point. `C-c , j' Prompt for a tag defined in the current file, and move point to it (`semantic-complete-jump-local'). `C-c , J' Prompt for a tag defined in any file that Emacs has parsed, and move point to it (`semantic-complete-jump'). `C-c , l' Display a list of the possible completions of the current tag (`semantic-analyze-possible-completions'). `C-c , g' Prompt for a tag, and display a list of tags that call it (`semantic-symref-symbol'). This relies on the presence of an external symbol reference tool. *Note SymRef::. `C-c , G' Display a list of tags that call the current tag (`semantic-symref'). This relies on the presence of an external symbol reference tool. *Note SymRef::. `C-c , p' Move point to the previous tag (`senator-previous-tag'). `C-c , n' Move point to the next tag (`senator-next-tag'). `C-c , u' Move point "up" one reference (`senator-go-to-up-reference'). The meaning of "up" is language-dependent; in C++, for instance, this means moving to the parent of the current tag. `C-c, ' Display a list of possible completions for the symbol at point (`semantic-complete-analyze-inline'). This also activates a special set of keybindings for choosing a completion: accepts the current completion, `M-n' and `M-p' cycle through possible completions, completes as far as possible and then cycles, and `C-g' or any other key aborts the completion. *Note Smart Completion::. `C-c , C-w' Kill the current tag (`senator-kill-tag'). This removes the text for that tag, placing it in the kill ring. You can retrieve the text with `C-y'. This also places the tag in the "tag ring", so that you can yank it with `\C-c,\C-y', below. `C-c , M-w' Copy the current tag into the kill ring as well as the tag ring (`senator-copy-tag'). `C-c , C-y' Yank a tag from the tag ring (`senator-yank-tag'). `C-c , r' Copy the current tag into a register (`senator-copy-tag-to-register'). With an optional argument, kill it as well. This allows you to insert or jump to that tag with the usual register commands. *Note Registers: (emacs)Registers. `\C-c , up' Transpose the current tag with the previous one (`senator-transpose-tags-up'). `C-c , down' Transpose the current tag with the next one (`senator-transpose-tags-down').  File: semantic, Node: SemanticDB, Next: Idle Scheduler, Prev: Semantic mode, Up: Using Semantic 2.2 Semantic Database ===================== The Semantic Database (SemanticDB) caches the results of parsing source code files. This data can be saved to disk when you exit Emacs, and reloaded automatically when you subsequently revisit the same source code files. This saves time by eliminating the need to re-parse unmodified files. SemanticDB also provides an API that programs can use to acquire information about source code tags. This information can be accessed without loading the original the source files into memory. It can also be used to create alternate "back-ends" for storing tag information in alternative on-disk formats. By default, SemanticDB is enabled together with Semantic mode. To disable it, remove it from `semantic-default-submodes' (*note Semantic mode::). You can also enable or disable SemanticDB with `M-x global-semanticdb-minor-mode'. -- Command: global-semanticdb-minor-mode Toggle SemanticDB mode. When enabled, any source code parsed by Semantic is cached in a database. SemanticDB offers a large number of customizable options, which are described in the following subsections. * Menu: * Semanticdb Tag Storage:: * Semanticdb Search Configuration:: * Changing Backends:: * Create System Databases::  File: semantic, Node: Semanticdb Tag Storage, Next: Semanticdb Search Configuration, Up: SemanticDB 2.2.1 Semanticdb Tag Storage ---------------------------- Each time you exit Emacs, any data cached by SemanticDB is saved in the directory `.emacs.d/semanticdb/', located in your home directory. Within this directory, the cache data is written into a set of files according to a SemanticDB-specific filename convention. If the SemanticDB directory does not exist, Emacs first asks if you want to create it. You can change the name of the SemanticDB directory by customizing the variable `semanticdb-default-save-directory'. -- Option: semanticdb-default-save-directory The name of the directory where SemanticDB cache files are saved. If the value is `nil', SemanticDB saves its data into a single file, in the current directory, whose filename is given by `semanticdb-default-file-name'. -- Option: semanticdb-default-file-name The name of a cache file in which to save SemanticDB, when `semanticdb-default-save-directory' is `nil'. You can force SemanticDB to save the data from only certain files, or suppress saving altogether, by customizing `semanticdb-persistent-path': -- Option: semanticdb-persistent-path List of valid paths for SemanticDB to cache. Each element should be a directory name (a string); then the parse data from any file in that directory is saved. As a special exception, the value of this variable can be a list containing a single symbol: `never', `always', or `project'. The symbol `never' disables saving anywhere; `always' enables saving everywhere; and `project' enables saving directory based on the variable `semanticdb-project-predicate-functions'. The default value is `(always)'. -- Variable: semanticdb-project-predicate-functions The value of this variable is a list of predicates for indicating that a directory belongs to a project. This list is used when the value of `semanticdb-persistent-path' is `(project)'. If the list is empty, all paths are considered valid. Project management packages, such as EDE (*note Top: (ede)Top.), may add their own predicates with "add-hook" to this variable. This allows SemanticDB to save tag caches in directories controlled by them. -- Option: semanticdb-save-database-hooks Abnormal hook run after a database is saved. Each function is called with one argument, the object representing the database recently written.  File: semantic, Node: Semanticdb Search Configuration, Next: Changing Backends, Prev: Semanticdb Tag Storage, Up: SemanticDB 2.2.2 Semanticdb Search Configuration ------------------------------------- When another part of Semantic (or another Emacs package using Semantic) queries the SemanticDB library for a source code tag, the search need not be limited to tags defined within the current file. It can include tags defined elsewhere, such as "header files" referenced by the current file (e.g., via the C/C++ `#include' directive). While performing the search, the SemanticDB library may even automatically visit other files and parse them, if necessary. The variable `semanticdb-find-default-throttle' determines how aggressively SemanticDB searches for source code tags. *Note Search Throttle::. The details of SemanticDB searches can vary from language to language. In C/C++ code, for example, SemanticDB distinguishes between "project header files" and "system header files", based on whether the `#include' directive uses the `""' or `<>' filename delimiter. SemanticDB looks for system header in the "system include path" (*note Include paths::). * Menu: * Search Throttle:: Controlling how semanticdb searches occur. * Semanticdb Roots:: Specifying the root of different projects. * Include paths:: Specifying the directories to search. * Semanticdb search debugging commands::  File: semantic, Node: Search Throttle, Next: Semanticdb Roots, Up: Semanticdb Search Configuration 2.2.2.1 SemanticDB Search Throttle .................................. The SemanticDB "search throttle" determines how aggressive SemanticDB searches are. It is controlled by the variable `semanticdb-find-default-throttle'. The default value of this variable aims for maximum accuracy, at the expense of search time. Other parts of the Semantic package, particularly the different language parsers, may change the value of `semanticdb-find-default-throttle'. You can override its value, for a given major mode, like this: (setq-mode-local c-mode semanticdb-find-default-throttle '(project unloaded system recursive)) -- Variable: semanticdb-find-default-throttle The default throttle for `semanticdb-find' routines. The throttle controls how detailed the list of database tables is for a symbol lookup. The value is a list with the following keys: `file' The file the search is being performed from. This option is here for completeness only, and is assumed to always be on. `local' Tables from the same local directory are included. This includes files directly referenced by a file name which might be in a different directory. `project' Tables from the same local project are included If `project' is specified, then `local' is assumed. `unloaded' If a table is not in memory, load it. If it is not cached on disk either, get the source, parse it, and create the table. `system' Tables from system databases. These are specifically tables from system header files, or language equivalent. `recursive' For include based searches, includes tables referenced by included files. `omniscience' Included system databases which are omniscience, or somehow know everything. Omniscience databases are found in `semanticdb-project-system-databases'. The Emacs Lisp system DB is an omniscience database.  File: semantic, Node: Semanticdb Roots, Next: Include paths, Prev: Search Throttle, Up: Semanticdb Search Configuration 2.2.2.2 SemanticDB project roots ................................ The `project' setting in the SemanticDB search throttle (*note Search Throttle::) tells SemanticDB to search within the current single code project. For Semantic's point of view, "projects" are determined by their top-level directories, or "project roots"; every subdirectory of a project root is considered part of the same project. If you use EDE for project management, it will set the project roots automatically. *Note Top: (ede)Top. You can also specify them yourself. -- Option: semanticdb-project-roots The value of this variable is a list of directories (strings) that are project roots. All subdirectories of a project root are considered part of the same project. This variable can be overriden by `semanticdb-project-root-functions'. -- Variable: semanticdb-project-root-functions The value of this variable is a list of functions to determine a given directory's project root. These functions are called, one at a time, with one argument (the directory name), and must return either `nil', a string (the project root), or a list of strings (multiple project roots, for complex systems). The first non-`nil' return value, if any, is taken to be the project root, overriding `semanticdb-project-roots'.  File: semantic, Node: Include paths, Next: Semanticdb search debugging commands, Prev: Semanticdb Roots, Up: Semanticdb Search Configuration 2.2.2.3 Include Paths ..................... System include paths are standard locations to find source code tags, such as the "header files" in `/usr/include' and its subdirectories on Unix-like operating systems. You can add and remove system include paths using the following commands: -- Command: semantic-add-system-include dir &optional mode Prompts for a directory, DIR, and add it as a system include path for the current major mode. When called non-interactively, the major mode can be specified with the MODE argument. -- Command: semantic-remove-system-include dir &optional mode Prompt for a directory, DIR, and remove it from the system include path for the current major mode (or MODE). -- Command: semantic-customize-system-include-path &optional mode Customize the system include path for the current major mode (or MODE). -- Function: semanticdb-implied-include-tags Include tags implied for all files of a given mode. You can set this variable with `defvar-mode-local' for a particular mode so that any symbols that exist for all files for that mode are included.  File: semantic, Node: Semanticdb search debugging commands, Prev: Include paths, Up: Semanticdb Search Configuration 2.2.2.4 Semanticdb search debugging commands ............................................ You can use `M-x semanticdb-dump-all-table-summary' to see the list of databases that will be searched from a given buffer. You can follow up with `M-x semanticdb-find-test-translate-path' to then make sure specific tables from the path are discovered correctly. Alternately, you can get a list of include files Semantic encountered, but could not find on disk using `M-x semanticdb-find-adebug-lost-includes'. -- Command: semanticdb-dump-all-table-summary Dump a list of all databases in Emacs memory. -- Command: semanticdb-find-test-translate-path &optional arg Call and output results of "semanticdb-find-translate-path". In the displayed buffer, you can type to expand items. With ARG non-`nil', specify a BRUTISH translation. -- Command: semanticdb-find-adebug-lost-includes Translate the current path, then display the lost includes. Examines the variable `semanticdb-find-lost-includes'. Lastly, you can test an explicit search term using this command: -- Command: semantic-adebug-searchdb regex Search the semanticdb for REGEX for the current buffer. Display the results as a debug list.  File: semantic, Node: Changing Backends, Next: Create System Databases, Prev: Semanticdb Search Configuration, Up: SemanticDB 2.2.3 Changing Backends ----------------------- If you want to use some other form of backend, you can use this variable to choose which back end class to use for your general tag storage. The default is to save databases in flat files. Alternatively, you could write a new database backend that stores tags into a database, or other storage system. -- Variable: semanticdb-new-database-class The default type of database created for new files. This can be changed on a per file basis, so that some directories are saved using one mechanism, and some directories via a different mechanism.  File: semantic, Node: Create System Databases, Prev: Changing Backends, Up: SemanticDB 2.2.4 Create System Databases ----------------------------- If your supported language stores the system libraries in readily available parsable source code, you can pre-generate database files for them once, which will be used over and over for tools such as summary-mode, or the analyzer. -- Command: semanticdb-create-ebrowse-database dir Create an EBROWSE database for directory DIR. The database file is stored in ~/.semanticdb, or whichever directory is specified by `semanticdb-default-system-save-directory'.  File: semantic, Node: Idle Scheduler, Next: Analyzer, Prev: SemanticDB, Up: Using Semantic 2.3 Idle Scheduler ================== The "Semantic Idle Scheduler" is a part of Semantic that performs various operations while Emacs is waiting for user input (idle time). Its primary job is to perform buffer parsing during idle time. You can also use the Idle Scheduler to display function prototypes (*note Idle Summary Mode::) or symbol completions (*note Idle Completions Mode::). -- Command: global-semantic-idle-scheduler-mode &optional arg This command toggles Semantic Idle Scheduler mode in every Semantic-enabled buffer. This minor mode ensures that the buffer is automatically reparsed whenever Emacs is idle. If there is additional idle time, it runs jobs scheduled by other parts of Semantic, such as Semantic Idle Summary mode (*note Idle Summary Mode::) and Semantic Idle Completions mode (*note Idle Completions Mode::). -- Option: semantic-idle-scheduler-idle-time The value of this variable is the amount of idle time, in seconds, before the Semantic idle scheduler activates. The default is 1. -- Option: semantic-idle-scheduler-verbose-flag If this variable is non-`nil', the idle scheduler prints verbose messages while running, which are useful for debugging. * Menu: * Reparsing Options:: Reparsing the current buffer in idle time. * Idle Working Options:: Options for extra work done at idle time. * Debugging Idle Time Issues:: How to produce good bug reports. * Idle Summary Mode:: Display prototype of symbol under cursor. * Idle Completions Mode:: Smart completion pop-up help.  File: semantic, Node: Reparsing Options, Next: Idle Working Options, Up: Idle Scheduler 2.3.1 Reparsing Options ----------------------- When activated during idle time, the Semantic idle scheduler automatically reparses all buffers that need it. Any arriving user input cancels this, returning Emacs to its normal editing behavior. -- Option: semantic-idle-scheduler-max-buffer-size Maximum size in bytes of buffers automatically reparsed. If this value is less than or equal to 0, buffers are automatically reparsed regardless of their size. -- Option: semantic-idle-scheduler-no-working-message If non-`nil', disable display of working messages whie reparsing. -- Option: semantic-idle-scheduler-working-in-modeline-flag If non-`nil', show working messages in the mode line. Normally, re-parsing shows messages in the minibuffer; this moves the parse message to the modeline instead. -- Variable: semantic-before-idle-scheduler-reparse-hook This normal hook is run just before the idle scheduler begins reparsing. If any hook function throws an error, the value of this variable is reset to `nil'. This hook is not protected from lexical errors. -- Variable: semantic-after-idle-scheduler-reparse-hook This normal hook is run after the idle scheduler finishes reparsing. If any hook throws an error, this variable is reset to `nil'. This hook is not protected from lexical errors.  File: semantic, Node: Idle Working Options, Next: Debugging Idle Time Issues, Prev: Reparsing Options, Up: Idle Scheduler 2.3.2 Idle Working Options -------------------------- In addition to reparsing buffers, the Semantic idle scheduler performs additional operations, including the following: * Creating the include path caches required for symbol lookup. * Create data type caches. * Saving SemanticDB caches to disk. * Speculatively parsing the files in the same directory as the current buffer. Because this extra work is quite time-consuming, it is only carried out after a longer idle delay. The following features control how the idle work is performed. -- Option: semantic-idle-scheduler-work-idle-time The value of this variable is the amount of idle time, in seconds, before commencing idle work. The default is 60. -- Option: semantic-idle-work-parse-neighboring-files-flag If the value of this variable is non-`nil', the Semantic idle scheduler uses idle work time to parse files in the same directory as the current buffer. This improves the accuracy of tag searches and saves time when visiting those files later, at the cost of doing a lot of parsing. The default is `t'.  File: semantic, Node: Debugging Idle Time Issues, Next: Idle Summary Mode, Prev: Idle Working Options, Up: Idle Scheduler 2.3.3 Debugging Idle Time Issues -------------------------------- If you see an error signalled during idle time, it could be an indication of a more serious issue elsewhere. It is not enough to enable `debug-on-error', because the idle scheduler inhibits the debugger. Instead, use the following commands to debug the error: -- Command: semantic-debug-idle-function Run the Semantic idle function with debugging turned on. -- Command: semantic-debug-idle-work-function Run the Semantic idle work function with debugging turned on.  File: semantic, Node: Idle Summary Mode, Next: Idle Completions Mode, Prev: Debugging Idle Time Issues, Up: Idle Scheduler 2.3.4 Idle Summary Mode ----------------------- Semantic Idle Summary mode is a minor mode that displays a short summary of the symbol at point, such as its function prototype, in the echo area. Its functionality is similar to what ElDoc mode provides for Emacs Lisp (*note Lisp Doc: (emacs)Lisp Doc.). -- global-semantic-idle-summary-mode: &optional arg This command toggles Semantic Idle Summary mode in all Semantic-enabled buffers. You can also toggle it via the `Show Tag Summaries' menu item in the `Development' menu. When Semantic Idle Summary mode is active, a summary of the tag at point is displayed in the echo area. This display takes place during the idle time, as given by `semantic-idle-scheduler-idle-time' (*note Idle Scheduler::). You can override the method for getting the current tag to display by setting `idle-summary-current-symbol-info'. -- Option: semantic-idle-summary-function The value of this variable should be a function to call to display tag information during idle time. See the variable `semantic-format-tag-functions' for a list of useful functions. -- Variable: semantic-idle-summary-out-of-context-faces The value of this variable is a list of font-lock faces indicating useless summary contexts. These are generally faces used to highlight comments or strings. Semantic Idle Summary mode does not display its usual summary if the text at point has one of these faces.  File: semantic, Node: Idle Completions Mode, Prev: Idle Summary Mode, Up: Idle Scheduler 2.3.5 Idle Completions Mode --------------------------- Semantic Idle Completions mode is a minor mode for performing "code completions" during idle time. The completions are displayed inline, with keybindings that allow you to cycle through different alternatives. Semantic Idle Completions mode performs completion based on the Semantic Analyzer (*note Analyzer::). -- global-semantic-idle-completions-mode: &optional arg This command toggles Semantic Idle Completions mode in every Semantic-enabled buffer. You can also toggle it via the `Show Tag Completions' menu item in the `Development' menu. If the tag at point has at least one completion, Semantic Idle Completions mode displays that completion inline--i.e., as part of the buffer text (you can change the display method by customizing `semantic-complete-inline-analyzer-idle-displayor-class', as described below). The completed part is highlighted, to indicate that it is not yet properly inserted into the buffer. The echo area shows the completion, and whether there are other possible completions, like this: besselj [1 of 6 matches] While the completion is being displayed, the following keybindings take effect: `' `C-m' Accept the current completion (`semantic-complete-inline-done'), placing it in the buffer and moving point to the end of the completed tag. `M-n' Select the next possible completion (`semantic-complete-inline-down'). The new completion is shown inline, replacing the old completion. `M-p' Select the previous possible completion (`semantic-complete-inline-up'). `' `C-i' Accept as much of the completion as possible. If no additional completion can be accepted without ambiguity, select the next possible completion (`semantic-complete-inline-TAB'). `C-g' Quit without completing (`semantic-complete-inline-quit'). You can also exit inline completion by issuing any other Emacs command. The completion text then disappears from the buffer. -- Command: semantic-complete-analyze-inline-idle This is the command for performing inline code completion. It is called by Semantic Idle Completions mode during idle time, but you can also call it yourself. It returns immediately, leaving the buffer in a state for inline completion. -- Option: semantic-complete-inline-analyzer-idle-displayor-class The value of this variable determines how `semantic-complete-analyze-inline-idle' shows its completions. Possible values include: `semantic-displayor-ghost' Display completions "inline" with the buffer text, as described above. This is the default value. `semantic-displayor-tooltip' Display completions in a tooltip. `semantic-displayor-traditional' Display completions in a separate window.  File: semantic, Node: Analyzer, Next: Speedbar, Prev: Idle Scheduler, Up: Using Semantic 2.4 Analyzer ============ The Semantic Analyzer is a library for performing context analysis on source code. It provides user commands for displaying, completing, and navigating through source code. * Menu: * Smart Completion:: Performing code completion. * Smart Summary:: Displaying help on a symbol. * Smart Jump:: Jumping to the definition of a tag. * Analyzer Debug:: Debugging problems with the analyzer.  File: semantic, Node: Smart Completion, Next: Smart Summary, Up: Analyzer 2.4.1 Smart Completion ---------------------- The Semantic Analyzer can be used to perform code completion in a manner that takes the local context into account. (In addition to the user commands in this section, Semantic Idle Completions mode also uses the Semantic Analyzer. *Note Idle Completions Mode::.) -- Command: semantic-analyze-possible-completions context This is the most basic command for Semantic Analyzer-based completion. Called interactively, it displays a list of the possible completions for the symbol at point. When called from a Lisp program, `semantic-analyze-possible-completions' does not display a completions list. The argument CONTEXT should be either a buffer position, or a context object. The return value is a list of Semantic tag objects that complete the symbol for CONTEXT, based on the following criteria: * Elements currently in scope. * Constants currently in scope. * Elements matching the context's `:prefix'. * Type of the completion matching the type of the context. Most of the other commands documented in this section call `semantic-analyze-possible-completions' internally. -- Command: semantic-complete-analyze-inline This command is bound to `C-c , ' when Semantic mode is enabled (*note Semantic mode user commands::). It displays a list of possible completions for the symbol at point, and activates a special set of keybindings for choosing a completion. You can type to accept the current completion, `M-n' and `M-p' to cycle through the possible completions, to complete as far as possible and then cycle through completions, and either `C-g' or any other key to abort the completion. This command is similar to the completion performed by Semantic Idle Completions mode. The main difference is that it is called explicitly, whereas Semantic Idle Completions mode completes during idle time (*note Idle Completions Mode::). -- Option: semantic-complete-inline-analyzer-idle-displayor-class The value of this variable determines how `semantic-complete-analyze-inline' shows its completions. Possible values include: `semantic-displayor-traditional' Display completions in a separate window. This is the default value. `semantic-displayor-ghost' Display completions "inline" with the buffer text, similar to the default behavior of Semantic Idle Completions mode (*note Idle Completions Mode::). `semantic-displayor-tooltip' Display completions in a tooltip. In addition to `semantic-complete-analyze-inline', you can use the simpler command `semantic-ia-complete-symbol point'. This behaves like the usual `M-' (`complete-symbol') command (*note Symbol Completion: (emacs)Symbol Completion.), except it uses the Semantic Analyzer. -- Command: semantic-ia-complete-symbol point Complete the current symbol at POINT.  File: semantic, Node: Smart Summary, Next: Smart Jump, Prev: Smart Completion, Up: Analyzer 2.4.2 Smart Summary ------------------- You can use the following commands to obtain information about the code at point: -- Command: semantic-ia-show-summary pos Display a summary for the symbol at POS. Called interactively, POS defaults to point. -- Command: semantic-ia-show-doc pos Display the code-level documentation for the symbol at POS. Called interactively, POS defaults to point. -- Command: semantic-ia-describe-class typename Prompt for the name of a data type, TYPENAME, and display its components. For instance, if the type in question is a class, this displays the methods and member variables. You can also use Semantic Idle Summary mode to show information about the current symbol in the echo area during idle time. *Note Idle Summary Mode::.  File: semantic, Node: Smart Jump, Next: Analyzer Debug, Prev: Smart Summary, Up: Analyzer 2.4.3 Smart Jump ---------------- The Semantic Analyzer can be used to jump directly to the definition for a code symbol. -- Command: semantic-ia-fast-jump pos Jump to the definition for the symbol at POS. Called interactively, POS defaults to point. -- Function: semantic-ia-fast-mouse-jump event Jump to the definition for the symbol at the position of the mouse event EVENT. This command is meant to be bound to a mouse command, like this: (global-set-key '[(S-mouse-1)] semantic-ia-fast-mouse-jump) These commands are often more accurate than than the `find-tag' command (*note Tags: (emacs)Tags.), because the Semantic Analyzer is context-sensitive. You can also use `C-c , j' (`semantic-complete-jump-local') and `C-c , J' (`semantic-complete-jump') to navigate tags. *Note Semantic mode user commands::. Those commands do not make use of the Semantic Analyzer.  File: semantic, Node: Analyzer Debug, Prev: Smart Jump, Up: Analyzer 2.4.4 Debugging the Semantic Analyzer ------------------------------------- If the Semantic Analyzer does not analyze your code properly, you can take steps to identify and solve the problem. This section was written with C/C++ in mind, but should be relevant for any typed language. 2.4.4.1 Step 1: Check the context ................................. To check the current context, type `M-x semantic-analyze-current-context'. -- Command: semantic-analyze-current-context pos Analyze the context at POS. This function is used by most of the other Semantic Analyzer commands to obtain the context of the code at a given buffer position. The return value is an EIEIO object describing the context at POS (*note Top: (eieio)Top.). When called interactively, this displays a `*Semantic Context Analysis*' buffer containing a summary of the context at point. The Prefix section of the `*Semantic Context Analysis*' buffer lists the tags based on the text at point. If it shows only a simple string, the Semantic was unable to identify what the data type was. The first item in the list of the prefix is the first lookup failure in the chain, and that is the item to focus debugging effort on. For example: Context Type: # Bounds: (182 . 185) Prefix: Foo* bar int bbb (const char* y) Prefix Types: class Foo {} -------- -> Local Vars: int argc char** argv In this example you can see that the prefix has two fully found tags. In the following example, the symbol "bbb" is incomplete, and could not be found: Context Type: # Bounds: (182 . 184) Prefix: Foo* bar "bb" Prefix Classes: 'function 'variable Prefix Types: class Foo {} -------- -> Local Vars: int argc char** argv 2.4.4.2 Step 2 : Check your include path ........................................ Once you know the missing symbol, check your include path. The header or include file containing the needed definition may not be in the list of headers Semantic is searching through. To get a basic list, you can use `M-x semanticdb-find-test-translate-path'. *Note Semanticdb search debugging commands::. If items should be loaded but aren't, or if you see some tables that have no tags in them, then you you may have an incorrectly-set search throttle (*note Search Throttle::). For example, *# *# Here, Semantic found `foo.hh', but there are 0 tags. This may be because you had set the throttle to avoid reading and parsing files that Emacs has not visited. To fix this, visit the file and let Semantic parse it. For C++, check also that the `#include' statements for your project-level files use quotes, not angle brackets; angle brackets are for system files. 2.4.4.3 Step 3: Check the local scope ..................................... If your data type is somehow abbreviated based on scope, such as from a `using' statement, you should make sure that the symbol you want is in the local scope. Examine the scope with `M-x semantic-calculate-scope'. The scope structure is displayed in ADEBUG mode, so use `SPC' to expand different elements and looking for your symbol. If your symbol should be in the scope, but you cannot find it, then you may have found a language support bug in the local-variable parser, or using statement parser. Calling `M-x bovinte' should force a reset on the scope in case there is merely some bad state. ] Name: Cache ] Class: #'semantic-scope-cache ] :table # ] tag createMoose : class moose ] scopetypes 'nil ] parents # ] scope # ] fullscope # ] localvar # In the above sample output, the `tag' slot specifies where within you source this scope is relevant. `Parents' should contain any in scope parents, such as the class a method belongs to. `Localvar' should contain your local variables. `Scope' should contain datatypes in scope due to a `using' statement or the like. 2.4.4.4 Step 4: Check the typecache ................................... For complex typed languages like C++, Semantic creates a typecache, or an optimized search table with all the various data types in it. Elements in the typecache do not obey local scope. It only contains fully qualified names. You can examine the typecache with `M-x semanticdb-typecache-dump'. If your data types are not in the typecache, there may be some parsing error or other bug. Calling `M-x bovinte' should force a reset on the typecache in case there is merely some bad state. ]# ] Name: /home/zappo/cedet/semantic/tests/testsubclass.cpp ] Class: #'semanticdb-typecache ] filestream 'nil ] includestream # ] stream 'nil ] dependants 'nil In the above example, the output of `M-x semanticdb-typecache-dump' was expanded one level. The `filestream' slot should contain datatypes in the current file. The `includestream' should contain all the datatypes in all included header files. The `dependants' slot will specify other files that depend on this one. 2.4.4.5 Step 5: Check the parser ................................ Go to the location where your unfound tag should be. You can call `M-x bovinate', and see a dump of the raw tag structure. To see a navigable tree, use `M-x semantic-adebug-bovinate' instead. You can then look to make sure your tag has been properly parsed. If it has not, then you may have found a parser bug. To get a feel how Semantic treats your file, type `M-x global-semantic-show-unmatched-syntax-mode'. This causes any syntax it cannot parse to be underlined in red. If your type is not parsable, it could be for a couple of reasons: 1. If there is a MACRO keyword used in the definition of the type, you may need to update the `semantic-lex-c-preprocessor-symbol-map' to account for it. 2. Or perhaps the parser needs to be fixed.  File: semantic, Node: Speedbar, Next: SymRef, Prev: Analyzer, Up: Using Semantic 2.5 Speedbar ============ You can integrate Semantic with the Speedbar. *Note Speedbar: (emacs)Speedbar. To do this, add the following line to your init file: (add-hook 'speedbar-load-hook (lambda () (require 'semantic/sb))) Or, alternatively: (require 'semantic/sb) Once installed, the Speedbar will use Semantic to find and display tags. Tags from Semantic are displayed with more details than ordinary Speedbar tags, such as function arguments and return type. In addition, you can use the Speedbar to show the output of the Semantic Analyzer (*note Analyzer::). To do this, go to the `Display' menu item on the Speedbar menu and select `Analyze'; or type `M-x semantic-speedbar-analysis'. -- Command: semantic-speedbar-analysis Start the Speedbar in Semantic Analysis mode. In Semantic Analysis mode, the Speedbar displays information about the local context, such as the current function, local arguments and variables, and details on the prefix (the current symbol). Each entry has an `' button; clicking on this shows a summary of what Semantic knows about that variable or type. The Speedbar also displays a list of possible completions at point.  File: semantic, Node: SymRef, Next: MRU Bookmarks, Prev: Speedbar, Up: Using Semantic 2.6 Symbol References ===================== Semantic can interface with external "symbol reference tools", such as GNU Global and GNU Idutils. These tools provide information about where different tags or symbols appear. By default, Semantic tries to look for the best external symbol reference tool that can be used. The supported tools are GNU Global, GNU Idutils, CScope, and Grep (the fallback method). For best results, use GNU Global. However, Semantic does not manage your GNU Global tables for you; you must manage them yourself. -- Variable: semantic-symref-tool The value of this variable is a symbol that determines the external symbol reference tool to use. The default value, `detect', says to look for the best available tool. Other possible values are `global', `idutils', `cscope', and `grep'. Note that `grep' is much slower than the others. The commands to display symbol references are `C-c , g' (`semantic-symref-symbol' and `C-c , G' (`semantic-symref'). These keybindings are available whenever Semantic mode is enabled (*note Semantic mode user commands::). -- Command: semantic-symref-symbol sym This command (normally bound to `C-c , g') prompts for a symbol name, and uses an external reference tool to find references to that tag. -- Command: semantic-symref This command (normally bound to `C-c , G') uses an external reference tool to find references to the current tag. Both `semantic-symref-symbol' and `semantic-symref' display a list of symbol references in a separate buffer. The entries are organized by file, and by function name. Typing on the `[+]' next to each function name "expands" that entry, listing all references to the target symbol occurring within that function. Typing `RET' on a reference line jumps to that reference.  File: semantic, Node: MRU Bookmarks, Next: Sticky Func Mode, Prev: SymRef, Up: Using Semantic 2.7 MRU Bookmarks mode ====================== Semantic MRU Bookmarks mode is a minor mode that keeps track of the tags you have edited, allowing you to quickly return to them later (MRU stands for "Most Recently Used"). -- Command: global-semantic-mru-bookmark-mode &optional arg Toggle Semantic MRU Bookmarks mode globally. The minor mode can be turned on only if the current buffer was set up for parsing. With argument ARG, turn the minor mode if ARG is positive, and off otherwise. Semantic MRU Bookmarks mode takes note of each tag you edit. Afterwards, you can type `C-x B' (`semantic-mrub-switch-tags') to return to a tag. This command prompts for a tag name, completing with the names of edited tags; at the prompt, you can use `M-p' and `M-n' to cycle through tags in order of last modification time.  File: semantic, Node: Sticky Func Mode, Next: Highlight Func Mode, Prev: MRU Bookmarks, Up: Using Semantic 2.8 Sticky Function mode ======================== Semantic Sticky Function minor mode displays a header line that shows the declaration line of the function or tag on the topmost line in the text area. This allows you to keep that declaration line in view at all times, even if it is scrolls off the "top" of the screen. In addition, clicking `Mouse-1' on the header line opens a context menu that contains menu items for copying, killing, or narrowing to that tag. -- Command: global-semantic-stickyfunc-mode &optional arg Toggle Semantic Sticky Function mode in all Semantic-enabled buffers. With an optional argument ARG, enable if ARG is positive, and disable otherwise. -- Variable: semantic-stickyfunc-sticky-classes The value of this variable is a list of tag classes that Semantic Sticky Function mode makes "sticky". The default is `'(function type)', meaning function declarations and type declarations. Other possible tag classes are `variable', `include', and `package'.  File: semantic, Node: Highlight Func Mode, Next: Tag Decoration Mode, Prev: Sticky Func Mode, Up: Using Semantic 2.9 Highlight Func Mode ======================= Semantic Highlight Function minor mode highlights the declaration line of the current function or tag (that is to say, the first line that describes the rest of the construct). In addition, clicking `Mouse-3' on the highlighted declaration line opens a context menu that contains menu items for copying, killing, or narrowing to that tag. The tag classes highlighted by Semantic Highlight Function mode are the same ones given by `semantic-stickyfunc-sticky-classes'. *Note Sticky Func Mode::. -- Function: global-semantic-highlight-func-mode &optional arg Toggle Semantic Highlight Function mode in all Semantic-enabled buffers. With an optional argument ARG, enable if ARG is positive, and disable otherwise. -- Face: semantic-highlight-func-current-tag-face This face is used to highlight declaration lines in Semantic Highlight Func mode.  File: semantic, Node: Tag Decoration Mode, Prev: Highlight Func Mode, Up: Using Semantic 2.10 Tag Decoration Mode ======================== Semantic Tag Decoration mode "decorates" each tag based on certain arbitrary features of that tag. Decorations are specified using the variable `semantic-decoration-styles'. -- Command: global-semantic-decoration-mode &optional arg Toggle Semantic Tag Decoration mode in all Semantic-enabled buffers. With an optional argument ARG, enable if ARG is positive, and disable otherwise. -- Variable: semantic-decoration-styles The value of this variable is a list of decoration styles for Semantic Tag Decoration mode. Each element in this list should have the form `(NAME . FLAG)', where NAME is a style name (a symbol) and FLAG is non-`nil' if the style is enabled. The following styles are available: `semantic-tag-boundary' Place an overline in front of each long tag (excluding prototypes). `semantic-decoration-on-private-members' Highlight class members that are designated as private. `semantic-decoration-on-protected-members' Highlight class members that are designated as protected. `semantic-decoration-on-includes' Highlight class members that are includes. Clicking on the highlighted include statements opens a context menu for configuring Semantic includes. To enable or disable specific decorations, use this function: -- Command: semantic-toggle-decoration-style name &optional arg Prompt for a decoration style, NAME, and turn it on or off. With prefix argument ARG, turn on if positive, otherwise off. Return non-`nil' if the decoration style is enabled. -- Face: semantic-tag-boundary-face Face for long tags in the `semantic-tag-boundary' decoration style. -- Face: semantic-decoration-on-private-members-face Face for privately-scoped tags in the `semantic-decoration-on-private-members' decoration style. -- Face: semantic-decoration-on-protected-members-face Face for protected tags in the `semantic-decoration-on-protected-members' decoration style. -- Face: semantic-decoration-on-includes Face for includes that are not in some other state, in the `semantic-decoration-on-includes' decoration style. -- Face: semantic-decoration-on-unknown-includes Face for includes that cannot be found, in the `semantic-decoration-on-includes' decoration style. -- Face: semantic-decoration-on-unparsed-includes Face for includes that have not yet been parsed, in the `semantic-decoration-on-includes' decoration style. 2.10.1 Creating New Decoration Modes ------------------------------------ You can create new types of decorations using the following function: -- Function: define-semantic-decoration-style name doc &rest flags Define a new decoration style with NAME. DOC is a documentation string describing the decoration style NAME. It is appended to auto-generated doc strings. An Optional list of FLAGS can also be specified. Flags are: `:enabled' - specify the default enabled value for NAME. This defines two new overload functions respectively called `NAME-p' and `NAME-highlight', for which you must provide a default implementation in respectively the functions `NAME-p-default' and `NAME-highlight-default'. Those functions are passed a tag. `NAME-p' must return non-`nil' to indicate that the tag should be decorated by `NAME-highlight'. To put primary decorations on a tag `NAME-highlight', use functions like "semantic-set-tag-face", "semantic-set-tag-intangible", etc., found in the semantic-decorate library. To add other kind of decorations on a tag, `NAME-highlight' must use "semantic-decorate-tag", and other functions of the semantic decoration API found in this library.  File: semantic, Node: Semantic Internals, Next: Glossary, Prev: Using Semantic, Up: Top 3 Semantic Internals ******************** This chapter provides an overview of the internals of Semantic. This information is usually not needed by application developers or grammar developers; it is useful mostly for the hackers who would like to learn more about how Semantic works. * Menu: * Parser code :: Code used for the parsers * Tag handling :: Code used for manipulating tags * Semanticdb Internals :: Code used in the semantic database * Analyzer Internals :: Code used in the code analyzer * Tools :: Code used in user tools * Tests :: Code used for testing  File: semantic, Node: Parser code, Next: Tag handling, Up: Semantic Internals 3.1 Parser code =============== Semantic parsing code is spread across a range of files. `semantic.el' The core infrastructure sets up buffers for parsing, and has all the core parsing routines. Most parsing routines are overloadable, so the actual implementation may be somewhere else. `semantic-edit.el' Incremental reparse based on user edits. `semantic-grammar.el' `semantic-grammar.wy' Parser for the different grammar languages, and a major mode for editing grammars in Emacs. `semantic-lex.el' Infrastructure for implementing lexical analyzers. Provides macros for creating individual analyzers for specific features, and a way to combine them together. `semantic-lex-spp.el' Infrastructure for a lexical symbolic preprocessor. This was written to implement the C preprocessor, but could be used for other lexical preprocessors. `bovine/bovine-grammar.el' `bovine/bovine-grammar-macros.el' `bovine/semantic-bovine.el' The "bovine" grammar. This is the first grammar mode written for Semantic and is useful for simple creating simple parsers. `wisent/wisent.el' `wisent/bison-wisent.el' `wisent/semantic-wisent.el' `wisent/semantic-debug-grammar.el' A port of bison to Emacs. This infrastructure lets you create LALR based parsers for Semantic. `semantic-ast.el' Manage Abstract Syntax Trees for parsers. `semantic-debug.el' Infrastructure for debugging grammars. `semantic-util.el' Various utilities for manipulating tags, such as describing the tag under point, adding labels, and the all important `semantic-something-to-tag-table'.  File: semantic, Node: Tag handling, Next: Semanticdb Internals, Prev: Parser code, Up: Semantic Internals 3.2 Tag handling ================ A tag represents an individual item found in a buffer, such as a function or variable. Tag handling is handled in several source files. `semantic-tag.el' Basic tag creation, queries, cloning, binding, and unbinding. `semantic-tag-write.el' Write a tag or tag list to a stream. These routines are used by `semanticdb-file.el' when saving a list of tags. `semantic-tag-file.el' Files associated with tags. Goto-tag, file for include, and file for a prototype. `semantic-tag-ls.el' Language dependant features of a tag, such as parent calculation, slot protection, and other states like abstract, virtual, static, and leaf. `semantic-dep.el' Include file handling. Contains the include path concepts, and routines for looking up file names in the include path. `semantic-format.el' Convert a tag into a nicely formatted and colored string. Use `semantic-test-all-format-tag-functions' to test different output options. `semantic-find.el' Find tags matching different conditions in a tag table. These routines are used by `semanticdb-find.el' once the database has been converted into a simpler tag table. `semantic-sort.el' Sorting lists of tags in different ways. Includes sorting a plain list of tags forward or backward. Includes binning tags based on attributes (bucketize), and tag adoption for multiple references to the same thing. `semantic-doc.el' Capture documentation comments from near a tag.  File: semantic, Node: Semanticdb Internals, Next: Analyzer Internals, Prev: Tag handling, Up: Semantic Internals 3.3 Semanticdb Internals ======================== Semanticdb complexity is certainly an issue. It is a rather hairy problem to try and solve. `semanticdb.el' Defines a "database" and a "table" base class. You can instantiate these classes, and use them, but they are not persistent. This file also provides support for `semanticdb-minor-mode', which automatically associates files with tables in databases so that tags are _saved_ while a buffer is not in memory. The database and tables both also provide applicate cache information, and cache flushing system. The semanticdb search routines use caches to save datastructures that are complex to calculate. Lastly, it provides the concept of "project root". It is a system by which a file can be associated with the root of a project, so if you have a tree of directories and source files, it can find the root, and allow a tag-search to span all available databases in that directory hierarchy. `semanticdb-file.el' Provides a subclass of the basic table so that it can be saved to disk. Implements all the code needed to unbind/rebind tags to a buffer and writing them to a file. `semanticdb-el.el' Implements a special kind of "system" database that uses Emacs internals to perform queries. `semanticdb-ebrowse.el' Implements a system database that uses Ebrowse to parse files into a table that can be queried for tag names. Successful tag hits during a find causes Semantic to pick up and parse the reference files to get the full details. `semanticdb-find.el' Infrastructure for searching groups Semantic databases, and dealing with the search results format. `semanticdb-ref.el' Tracks crossreferences. Cross references are needed when buffer is reparsed, and must alert other tables that any dependant caches may need to be flushed. References are in the form of include files.  File: semantic, Node: Analyzer Internals, Next: Tools, Prev: Semanticdb Internals, Up: Semantic Internals 3.4 Analyzer Internals ====================== The Semantic analyzer is a complex engine which has been broken down across several modules. When the Semantic analyzer fails, start with `semantic-analyze-debug-assist', then dive into some of these files. `semantic-analyze.el' The core analyzer for defining the "current context". The current context is an object that contains references to aspects of the local context including the current prefix, and a tag list defining what the prefix means. `semantic-analyze-complete.el' Provides `semantic-analyze-possible-completions'. `semantic-analyze-debug.el' The analyzer debugger. Useful when attempting to get everything configured. `semantic-analyze-fcn.el' Various support functions needed by the analyzer. `semantic-ctxt.el' Local context parser. Contains overloadable functions used to move around through different scopes, get local variables, and collect the current prefix used when doing completion. `semantic-scope.el' Calculate "scope" for a location in a buffer. The scope includes local variables, and tag lists in scope for various reasons, such as C++ using statements. `semanticdb-typecache.el' The typecache is part of `semanticdb', but is used primarilly by the analyzer to look up datatypes and complex names. The typecache is bound across source files and builds a master lookup table for data type names. `semantic-ia.el' Interactive Analyzer functions. Simple routines that do completion or lookups based on the results from the Analyzer. These routines are meant as examples for application writers, but are quite useful as they are. `semantic-ia-sb.el' Speedbar support for the analyzer, displaying context info, and completion lists.  File: semantic, Node: Tools, Next: Tests, Prev: Analyzer Internals, Up: Semantic Internals 3.5 Tools ========= These files contain various tools a user can use. `semantic-idle.el' Idle scheduler for Semantic. Manages reparsing buffers after edits, and large work tasks in idle time. Includes modes for showing summary help and pop-up completion. `senator.el' The Semantic navigator. Provides many ways to move through a buffer based on the active tag table. `semantic-decorate.el' A minor mode for decorating tags based on details from the parser. Includes overlines for functions, or coloring class fields based on protection. `semantic-decorate-include.el' A decoration mode for include files, which assists users in setting up parsing for their includes. `semantic-complete.el' Advanced completion prompts for reading tag names in the minibuffer, or inline in a buffer. `semantic-imenu.el' Imenu support for using Semantic tags in imenu. `semantic-mru-bookmark.el' Automatic bookmarking based on tags. Jump to locations you've been before based on tag name. `semantic-sb.el' Support for Semantic tag usage in Speedbar. `semantic-util-modes.el' A bunch of small minor-modes that exposes aspects of the semantic parser state. Includes `semantic-stickyfunc-mode'. `document.el' `document-vars.el' Create an update comments for tags. `semantic-adebug.el' Extensions of `data-debug.el' for Semantic. `semantic-chart.el' Draw some charts from stats generated from parsing. `semantic-elp.el' Profiler for helping to optimize the Semantic analyzer.  File: semantic, Node: Tests, Prev: Tools, Up: Semantic Internals 3.6 Tests ========= `semantic-utest.el' Basic testing of parsing and incremental parsing for most supported languages. `semantic-ia-utest.el' Test the semantic analyzer's ability to provide smart completions. `semantic-utest-c.el' Tests for the C parser's lexical pre-processor. `semantic-regtest.el' Regression tests from the older Semantic 1.x API.  File: semantic, Node: Glossary, Next: GNU Free Documentation License, Prev: Semantic Internals, Up: Top Appendix A Glossary ******************* BNF In semantic 1.4, a BNF file represented "Bovine Normal Form", the grammar file used for the 1.4 parser generator. This was a play on Backus-Naur Form which proved too confusing. bovinate A verb representing what happens when a bovine parser parses a file. bovine lambda In a bovine, or LL parser, the bovine lambda is a function to execute when a specific set of match rules has succeeded in matching text from the buffer. bovine parser A parser using the bovine parser generator. It is an LL parser suitible for small simple languages. context LALR lexer A program which converts text into a stream of tokens by analyzing them lexically. Lexers will commonly create strings, symbols, keywords and punctuation, and strip whitespaces and comments. LL nonterminal A nonterminal symbol or simply a nonterminal stands for a class of syntactically equivalent groupings. A nonterminal symbol name is used in writing grammar rules. overloadable Some functions are defined via `define-overload'. These can be overloaded via .... parser A program that converts tokens to tags. tag A tag is a representation of some entity in a language file, such as a function, variable, or include statement. In semantic, the word tag is used the same way it is used for the etags or ctags tools. A tag is usually bound to a buffer region via overlay, or it just specifies character locations in a file. token A single atomic item returned from a lexer. It represents some set of characters found in a buffer. token stream The output of the lexer as well as the input to the parser. wisent parser A parser using the wisent parser generator. It is a port of bison to Emacs Lisp. It is an LALR parser suitable for complex languages.  File: semantic, Node: GNU Free Documentation License, Next: Index, Prev: Glossary, Up: Top Appendix B GNU Free Documentation License ***************************************** Version 1.3, 3 November 2008 Copyright (C) 2000, 2001, 2002, 2007, 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc. `http://fsf.org/' Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. 0. PREAMBLE The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other functional and useful document "free" in the sense of freedom: to assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially. Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible for modifications made by others. 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The operator of an MMC Site may republish an MMC contained in the site under CC-BY-SA on the same site at any time before August 1, 2009, provided the MMC is eligible for relicensing. ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents ==================================================== To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of the License in the document and put the following copyright and license notices just after the title page: Copyright (C) YEAR YOUR NAME. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU Free Documentation License''. If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts, replace the "with...Texts." line with this: with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST. If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the situation. If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of free software license, such as the GNU General Public License, to permit their use in free software.  File: semantic, Node: Index, Prev: GNU Free Documentation License, Up: Top Index ***** [index] * Menu: * &optional <1>: Idle Completions Mode. (line 14) * &optional: Idle Summary Mode. (line 12) * Analyzer: Analyzer. (line 6) * define-semantic-decoration-style: Tag Decoration Mode. (line 74) * global-semantic-decoration-mode: Tag Decoration Mode. (line 11) * global-semantic-highlight-func-mode: Highlight Func Mode. (line 19) * global-semantic-idle-scheduler-mode: Idle Scheduler. (line 13) * global-semantic-mru-bookmark-mode: MRU Bookmarks. (line 11) * global-semantic-stickyfunc-mode: Sticky Func Mode. (line 16) * global-semanticdb-minor-mode: SemanticDB. (line 24) * Idle Scheduler: Idle Scheduler. (line 6) * Semantic mode: Semantic mode. (line 6) * semantic-add-system-include: Include paths. (line 14) * semantic-adebug-searchdb: Semanticdb search debugging commands. (line 28) * semantic-after-idle-scheduler-reparse-hook: Reparsing Options. (line 30) * semantic-analyze-current-context: Analyzer Debug. (line 17) * semantic-analyze-possible-completions: Smart Completion. (line 12) * semantic-before-idle-scheduler-reparse-hook: Reparsing Options. (line 24) * semantic-complete-analyze-inline: Smart Completion. (line 35) * semantic-complete-analyze-inline-idle: Idle Completions Mode. (line 60) * semantic-complete-inline-analyzer-idle-displayor-class <1>: Smart Completion. (line 51) * semantic-complete-inline-analyzer-idle-displayor-class: Idle Completions Mode. (line 66) * semantic-customize-system-include-path: Include paths. (line 23) * semantic-debug-idle-function: Debugging Idle Time Issues. (line 12) * semantic-debug-idle-work-function: Debugging Idle Time Issues. (line 15) * semantic-decoration-mode: Tag Decoration Mode. (line 6) * semantic-decoration-on-includes: Tag Decoration Mode. (line 57) * semantic-decoration-on-private-members-face: Tag Decoration Mode. (line 49) * semantic-decoration-on-protected-members-face: Tag Decoration Mode. (line 53) * semantic-decoration-on-unknown-includes: Tag Decoration Mode. (line 61) * semantic-decoration-on-unparsed-includes: Tag Decoration Mode. (line 65) * semantic-decoration-styles: Tag Decoration Mode. (line 16) * semantic-default-submodes: Semantic mode. (line 41) * semantic-highlight-func-current-tag-face: Highlight Func Mode. (line 24) * semantic-highlight-func-mode: Highlight Func Mode. (line 6) * semantic-ia-complete-symbol: Smart Completion. (line 74) * semantic-ia-describe-class: Smart Summary. (line 18) * semantic-ia-fast-jump: Smart Jump. (line 10) * semantic-ia-fast-mouse-jump: Smart Jump. (line 14) * semantic-ia-show-doc: Smart Summary. (line 14) * semantic-ia-show-summary: Smart Summary. (line 10) * semantic-idle-scheduler-idle-time: Idle Scheduler. (line 22) * semantic-idle-scheduler-max-buffer-size: Reparsing Options. (line 11) * semantic-idle-scheduler-no-working-message: Reparsing Options. (line 16) * semantic-idle-scheduler-verbose-flag: Idle Scheduler. (line 26) * semantic-idle-scheduler-work-idle-time: Idle Working Options. (line 23) * semantic-idle-scheduler-working-in-modeline-flag: Reparsing Options. (line 19) * semantic-idle-summary-function: Idle Summary Mode. (line 25) * semantic-idle-summary-out-of-context-faces: Idle Summary Mode. (line 30) * semantic-idle-work-parse-neighboring-files-flag: Idle Working Options. (line 27) * semantic-mru-bookmark-mode: MRU Bookmarks. (line 6) * semantic-new-buffer-setup-functions: Semantic mode. (line 28) * semantic-remove-system-include: Include paths. (line 19) * semantic-speedbar-analysis: Speedbar. (line 25) * semantic-stickyfunc-sticky-classes: Sticky Func Mode. (line 21) * semantic-symref: SymRef. (line 34) * semantic-symref-symbol: SymRef. (line 29) * semantic-symref-tool: SymRef. (line 17) * semantic-tag-boundary-face: Tag Decoration Mode. (line 46) * semantic-toggle-decoration-style: Tag Decoration Mode. (line 41) * SemanticDB: SemanticDB. (line 6) * semanticdb-create-ebrowse-database: Create System Databases. (line 12) * semanticdb-default-file-name: Semanticdb Tag Storage. (line 23) * semanticdb-default-save-directory: Semanticdb Tag Storage. (line 17) * semanticdb-dump-all-table-summary: Semanticdb search debugging commands. (line 14) * semanticdb-find-adebug-lost-includes: Semanticdb search debugging commands. (line 22) * semanticdb-find-default-throttle: Search Throttle. (line 21) * semanticdb-find-test-translate-path: Semanticdb search debugging commands. (line 17) * semanticdb-implied-include-tags: Include paths. (line 27) * semanticdb-new-database-class: Changing Backends. (line 15) * semanticdb-persistent-path: Semanticdb Tag Storage. (line 30) * semanticdb-project-predicate-functions: Semanticdb Tag Storage. (line 43) * semanticdb-project-root-functions: Semanticdb Roots. (line 23) * semanticdb-project-roots: Semanticdb Roots. (line 17) * semanticdb-save-database-hooks: Semanticdb Tag Storage. (line 54) * speedbar: Speedbar. (line 6) * symref: SymRef. (line 6)  Tag Table: Node: Top1039 Node: Introduction2719 Node: Semantic Components5996 Node: Using Semantic7342 Node: Semantic mode8764 Node: Semantic mode user commands11642 Node: SemanticDB14815 Node: Semanticdb Tag Storage16190 Node: Semanticdb Search Configuration18755 Node: Search Throttle20180 Node: Semanticdb Roots22341 Node: Include paths23820 Node: Semanticdb search debugging commands25120 Node: Changing Backends26495 Node: Create System Databases27248 Node: Idle Scheduler27878 Node: Reparsing Options29582 Node: Idle Working Options31060 Node: Debugging Idle Time Issues32325 Node: Idle Summary Mode33004 Node: Idle Completions Mode34620 Node: Analyzer37602 Node: Smart Completion38149 Node: Smart Summary41291 Node: Smart Jump42202 Node: Analyzer Debug43221 Node: Speedbar49693 Node: SymRef50979 Node: MRU Bookmarks52929 Node: Sticky Func Mode53871 Node: Highlight Func Mode55021 Node: Tag Decoration Mode56073 Node: Semantic Internals60068 Node: Parser code60774 Node: Tag handling62523 Node: Semanticdb Internals64197 Node: Analyzer Internals66324 Node: Tools68282 Node: Tests69964 Node: Glossary70417 Ref: BNF70569 Ref: bovinate70768 Ref: bovine lambda70857 Ref: bovine parser71040 Ref: context71166 Ref: LALR71175 Ref: lexer71181 Ref: LL71395 Ref: nonterminal71399 Ref: overloadable71591 Ref: parser71699 Ref: tag71752 Ref: token72097 Ref: token stream72215 Ref: wisent parser72294 Node: GNU Free Documentation License72460 Node: Index97625  End Tag Table